working on sensors and rules

.gitignore

@@ -79,3 +79,5 @@ tests/pids/*
 .env.docker
 docker-compose.override.yml
 *.pid
+
+packs.examples/

AGENTS.md

@@ -222,7 +222,9 @@ Enforcement created → Execution scheduled → Worker executes Action
 - **Action Script Resolution**: Worker constructs file paths as `{packs_base_dir}/{pack_ref}/actions/{entrypoint}`
 - **Runtime YAML Loading**: Pack registration reads `runtimes/*.yaml` files and inserts them into the `runtime` table. Runtime refs use format `{pack_ref}.{name}` (e.g., `core.python`, `core.shell`).
 - **Runtime Selection**: Determined by action's runtime field (e.g., "Shell", "Python") - compared case-insensitively; when an explicit `runtime_name` is set in execution context, it is authoritative (no fallback to extension matching)
-- **Worker Runtime Loading**: Worker loads all runtimes from DB that have a non-empty `execution_config` (i.e., runtimes with an interpreter configured). Builtin runtimes (e.g., sensor runtime with empty config) are automatically skipped.
+- **Worker Runtime Loading**: Worker loads all runtimes from DB that have a non-empty `execution_config` (i.e., runtimes with an interpreter configured). Native runtimes (e.g., `core.native` with empty config) are automatically skipped since they execute binaries directly.
+- **Native Runtime Detection**: Runtime detection is purely data-driven via `execution_config` in the runtime table. A runtime with empty `execution_config` (or empty `interpreter.binary`) is native — the entrypoint is executed directly without an interpreter. There is no special "builtin" runtime concept.
+- **Sensor Runtime Assignment**: Sensors declare their `runner_type` in YAML (e.g., `python`, `native`). The pack loader resolves this to the correct runtime from the database. Default is `native` (compiled binary, no interpreter). Legacy values `standalone` and `builtin` map to `core.native`.
 - **Runtime Environment Setup**: Worker creates isolated environments (virtualenvs, node_modules) on-demand at `{runtime_envs_dir}/{pack_ref}/{runtime_name}` before first execution; setup is idempotent
 - **Parameter Delivery**: Actions receive parameters via stdin as JSON (never environment variables)
 - **Output Format**: Actions declare output format (text/json/yaml) - json/yaml are parsed into execution.result JSONB

crates/api/src/middleware/cors.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ pub fn create_cors_layer(allowed_origins: Vec<String>) -> CorsLayer {
         // Default development origins
         vec![
             "http://localhost:3000".to_string(),
+            "http://localhost:3001".to_string(),
             "http://localhost:5173".to_string(),
             "http://localhost:8080".to_string(),
             "http://127.0.0.1:3000".to_string(),
+            "http://127.0.0.1:3001".to_string(),
             "http://127.0.0.1:5173".to_string(),
             "http://127.0.0.1:8080".to_string(),
         ]

crates/api/src/validation/params.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 //! Parameter validation module
 //!
 //! Validates trigger and action parameters against their declared JSON schemas.
+//! Template-aware: values containing `{{ }}` template expressions are replaced
+//! with schema-appropriate placeholders before validation, so template expressions
+//! pass type checks while literal values are still validated normally.
 
 use attune_common::models::{action::Action, trigger::Trigger};
 use jsonschema::Validator;
@@ -8,15 +11,167 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 
 use crate::middleware::ApiError;
 
-/// Validate trigger parameters against the trigger's parameter schema
+/// Check if a JSON value is (or contains) a template expression.
+fn is_template_expression(value: &Value) -> bool {
+    match value {
+        Value::String(s) => s.contains("{{") && s.contains("}}"),
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Given a JSON Schema property definition, produce a placeholder value that
+/// satisfies the schema's type constraint. This is used to replace template
+/// expressions so that JSON Schema validation passes for the remaining
+/// (non-template) parts of the parameters.
+fn placeholder_for_schema(property_schema: &Value) -> Value {
+    // Handle anyOf / oneOf by picking the first variant
+    if let Some(any_of) = property_schema.get("anyOf").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+        if let Some(first) = any_of.first() {
+            return placeholder_for_schema(first);
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(one_of) = property_schema.get("oneOf").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+        if let Some(first) = one_of.first() {
+            return placeholder_for_schema(first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let type_value = property_schema.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str());
+
+    match type_value {
+        Some("integer") => {
+            // Use minimum if set, else default if set, else 0
+            if let Some(default) = property_schema.get("default") {
+                return default.clone();
+            }
+            if let Some(min) = property_schema.get("minimum").and_then(|v| v.as_i64()) {
+                return Value::Number(min.into());
+            }
+            Value::Number(0.into())
+        }
+        Some("number") => {
+            if let Some(default) = property_schema.get("default") {
+                return default.clone();
+            }
+            if let Some(min) = property_schema.get("minimum").and_then(|v| v.as_f64()) {
+                return serde_json::Number::from_f64(min)
+                    .map(Value::Number)
+                    .unwrap_or(Value::Number(0.into()));
+            }
+            serde_json::Number::from_f64(0.0)
+                .map(Value::Number)
+                .unwrap_or(Value::Number(0.into()))
+        }
+        Some("boolean") => {
+            if let Some(default) = property_schema.get("default") {
+                return default.clone();
+            }
+            Value::Bool(true)
+        }
+        Some("array") => {
+            if let Some(default) = property_schema.get("default") {
+                return default.clone();
+            }
+            Value::Array(vec![])
+        }
+        Some("object") => {
+            if let Some(default) = property_schema.get("default") {
+                return default.clone();
+            }
+            Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new())
+        }
+        Some("string") | None => {
+            // For enum fields, use the first valid value so enum validation passes
+            if let Some(enum_values) = property_schema.get("enum").and_then(|v| v.as_array()) {
+                if let Some(first) = enum_values.first() {
+                    return first.clone();
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(default) = property_schema.get("default") {
+                return default.clone();
+            }
+            Value::String("__template_placeholder__".to_string())
+        }
+        Some(_) => Value::Null,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Walk a parameters object and replace any template expression values with
+/// schema-appropriate placeholders. Only replaces leaf values that match
+/// `{{ ... }}`; non-template values are left untouched for normal validation.
+///
+/// `schema` should be the full JSON Schema object (with `properties`, `type`, etc).
+fn replace_templates_with_placeholders(params: &Value, schema: &Value) -> Value {
+    match params {
+        Value::Object(map) => {
+            let properties = schema.get("properties").and_then(|p| p.as_object());
+
+            let mut result = serde_json::Map::new();
+            for (key, value) in map {
+                let prop_schema = properties.and_then(|p| p.get(key));
+
+                if is_template_expression(value) {
+                    // Replace with a type-appropriate placeholder
+                    if let Some(ps) = prop_schema {
+                        result.insert(key.clone(), placeholder_for_schema(ps));
+                    } else {
+                        // No schema for this property — keep as string placeholder
+                        result.insert(
+                            key.clone(),
+                            Value::String("__template_placeholder__".to_string()),
+                        );
+                    }
+                } else if value.is_object() {
+                    // Recurse into nested objects
+                    let empty_schema = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new());
+                    let nested_schema = prop_schema.unwrap_or(&empty_schema);
+                    result.insert(
+                        key.clone(),
+                        replace_templates_with_placeholders(value, nested_schema),
+                    );
+                } else if value.is_array() {
+                    // Recurse into arrays — check each element
+                    if let Some(arr) = value.as_array() {
+                        let empty_items_schema = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new());
+                        let item_schema = prop_schema
+                            .and_then(|ps| ps.get("items"))
+                            .unwrap_or(&empty_items_schema);
+                        let new_arr: Vec<Value> = arr
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|item| {
+                                if is_template_expression(item) {
+                                    placeholder_for_schema(item_schema)
+                                } else if item.is_object() || item.is_array() {
+                                    replace_templates_with_placeholders(item, item_schema)
+                                } else {
+                                    item.clone()
+                                }
+                            })
+                            .collect();
+                        result.insert(key.clone(), Value::Array(new_arr));
+                    } else {
+                        result.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    result.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Object(result)
+        }
+        other => other.clone(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Validate trigger parameters against the trigger's parameter schema.
+/// Template expressions (`{{ ... }}`) are accepted for any field type.
 pub fn validate_trigger_params(trigger: &Trigger, params: &Value) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
     // If no schema is defined, accept any parameters
     let Some(schema) = &trigger.param_schema else {
         return Ok(());
     };
 
-    // If parameters are empty object and schema exists, validate against schema
+    // Replace template expressions with schema-appropriate placeholders
-    // (schema might allow empty object or have defaults)
+    let sanitized = replace_templates_with_placeholders(params, schema);
 
     // Compile the JSON schema
     let compiled_schema = Validator::new(schema).map_err(|e| {
@@ -26,9 +181,9 @@ pub fn validate_trigger_params(trigger: &Trigger, params: &Value) -> Result<(),
         ))
     })?;
 
-    // Validate the parameters
+    // Validate the sanitized parameters
     let errors: Vec<String> = compiled_schema
-        .iter_errors(params)
+        .iter_errors(&sanitized)
         .map(|e| {
             let path = e.instance_path().to_string();
             if path.is_empty() {
@@ -50,13 +205,17 @@ pub fn validate_trigger_params(trigger: &Trigger, params: &Value) -> Result<(),
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Validate action parameters against the action's parameter schema
+/// Validate action parameters against the action's parameter schema.
+/// Template expressions (`{{ ... }}`) are accepted for any field type.
 pub fn validate_action_params(action: &Action, params: &Value) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
     // If no schema is defined, accept any parameters
     let Some(schema) = &action.param_schema else {
         return Ok(());
     };
 
+    // Replace template expressions with schema-appropriate placeholders
+    let sanitized = replace_templates_with_placeholders(params, schema);
+
     // Compile the JSON schema
     let compiled_schema = Validator::new(schema).map_err(|e| {
         ApiError::InternalServerError(format!(
@@ -65,9 +224,9 @@ pub fn validate_action_params(action: &Action, params: &Value) -> Result<(), Api
         ))
     })?;
 
-    // Validate the parameters
+    // Validate the sanitized parameters
     let errors: Vec<String> = compiled_schema
-        .iter_errors(params)
+        .iter_errors(&sanitized)
         .map(|e| {
             let path = e.instance_path().to_string();
             if path.is_empty() {
@@ -94,9 +253,10 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use serde_json::json;
 
-    #[test]
+    // ── Helper builders ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-    fn test_validate_trigger_params_with_no_schema() {
+
-        let trigger = Trigger {
+    fn make_trigger(schema: Option<Value>) -> Trigger {
+        Trigger {
             id: 1,
             r#ref: "test.trigger".to_string(),
             pack: Some(1),
@@ -104,7 +264,7 @@ mod tests {
             label: "Test Trigger".to_string(),
             description: None,
             enabled: true,
-            param_schema: None,
+            param_schema: schema,
             out_schema: None,
             webhook_enabled: false,
             webhook_key: None,
@@ -112,12 +272,43 @@ mod tests {
             is_adhoc: false,
             created: chrono::Utc::now(),
             updated: chrono::Utc::now(),
-        };
+        }
+    }
 
+    fn make_action(schema: Option<Value>) -> Action {
+        Action {
+            id: 1,
+            r#ref: "test.action".to_string(),
+            pack: 1,
+            pack_ref: "test".to_string(),
+            label: "Test Action".to_string(),
+            description: "Test action".to_string(),
+            entrypoint: "test.sh".to_string(),
+            runtime: Some(1),
+            param_schema: schema,
+            out_schema: None,
+            is_workflow: false,
+            workflow_def: None,
+            is_adhoc: false,
+            parameter_delivery: attune_common::models::ParameterDelivery::default(),
+            parameter_format: attune_common::models::ParameterFormat::default(),
+            output_format: attune_common::models::OutputFormat::default(),
+            created: chrono::Utc::now(),
+            updated: chrono::Utc::now(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── No schema ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_trigger_params_with_no_schema() {
+        let trigger = make_trigger(None);
         let params = json!({ "any": "value" });
         assert!(validate_trigger_params(&trigger, &params).is_ok());
     }
 
+    // ── Basic trigger validation (no templates) ──────────────────────
+
     #[test]
     fn test_validate_trigger_params_with_valid_params() {
         let schema = json!({
@@ -129,24 +320,7 @@ mod tests {
             "required": ["unit", "delta"]
         });
 
-        let trigger = Trigger {
+        let trigger = make_trigger(Some(schema));
-            id: 1,
-            r#ref: "test.trigger".to_string(),
-            pack: Some(1),
-            pack_ref: Some("test".to_string()),
-            label: "Test Trigger".to_string(),
-            description: None,
-            enabled: true,
-            param_schema: Some(schema),
-            out_schema: None,
-            webhook_enabled: false,
-            webhook_key: None,
-            webhook_config: None,
-            is_adhoc: false,
-            created: chrono::Utc::now(),
-            updated: chrono::Utc::now(),
-        };
-
         let params = json!({ "unit": "seconds", "delta": 10 });
         assert!(validate_trigger_params(&trigger, &params).is_ok());
     }
@@ -162,23 +336,7 @@ mod tests {
             "required": ["unit", "delta"]
         });
 
-        let trigger = Trigger {
+        let trigger = make_trigger(Some(schema));
-            id: 1,
-            r#ref: "test.trigger".to_string(),
-            pack: Some(1),
-            pack_ref: Some("test".to_string()),
-            label: "Test Trigger".to_string(),
-            description: None,
-            enabled: true,
-            param_schema: Some(schema),
-            out_schema: None,
-            webhook_enabled: false,
-            webhook_key: None,
-            webhook_config: None,
-            is_adhoc: false,
-            created: chrono::Utc::now(),
-            updated: chrono::Utc::now(),
-        };
 
         // Missing required field 'delta'
         let params = json!({ "unit": "seconds" });
@@ -193,6 +351,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(validate_trigger_params(&trigger, &params).is_err());
     }
 
+    // ── Basic action validation (no templates) ───────────────────────
+
     #[test]
     fn test_validate_action_params_with_valid_params() {
         let schema = json!({
@@ -203,27 +363,7 @@ mod tests {
             "required": ["message"]
         });
 
-        let action = Action {
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
-            id: 1,
-            r#ref: "test.action".to_string(),
-            pack: 1,
-            pack_ref: "test".to_string(),
-            label: "Test Action".to_string(),
-            description: "Test action".to_string(),
-            entrypoint: "test.sh".to_string(),
-            runtime: Some(1),
-            param_schema: Some(schema),
-            out_schema: None,
-            is_workflow: false,
-            workflow_def: None,
-            is_adhoc: false,
-            parameter_delivery: attune_common::models::ParameterDelivery::default(),
-            parameter_format: attune_common::models::ParameterFormat::default(),
-            output_format: attune_common::models::OutputFormat::default(),
-            created: chrono::Utc::now(),
-            updated: chrono::Utc::now(),
-        };
-
         let params = json!({ "message": "Hello, world!" });
         assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
     }
@@ -238,28 +378,327 @@ mod tests {
             "required": ["message"]
         });
 
-        let action = Action {
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
-            id: 2,
-            r#ref: "test.action".to_string(),
-            pack: 1,
-            pack_ref: "test".to_string(),
-            label: "Test Action".to_string(),
-            description: "Test action".to_string(),
-            entrypoint: "test.sh".to_string(),
-            runtime: Some(1),
-            param_schema: Some(schema),
-            out_schema: None,
-            is_workflow: false,
-            workflow_def: None,
-            is_adhoc: false,
-            parameter_delivery: attune_common::models::ParameterDelivery::default(),
-            parameter_format: attune_common::models::ParameterFormat::default(),
-            output_format: attune_common::models::OutputFormat::default(),
-            created: chrono::Utc::now(),
-            updated: chrono::Utc::now(),
-        };
-
         let params = json!({});
         assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_err());
     }
+
+    // ── Template-aware validation ────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_template_in_integer_field_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "counter": { "type": "integer" }
+            },
+            "required": ["counter"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({ "counter": "{{ event.payload.counter }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_template_in_boolean_field_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "verbose": { "type": "boolean" }
+            },
+            "required": ["verbose"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({ "verbose": "{{ event.payload.debug }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_template_in_number_field_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "threshold": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0.0 }
+            },
+            "required": ["threshold"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({ "threshold": "{{ event.payload.threshold }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_template_in_enum_field_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "level": { "type": "string", "enum": ["info", "warn", "error"] }
+            },
+            "required": ["level"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({ "level": "{{ event.payload.severity }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_template_in_array_field_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "recipients": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } }
+            },
+            "required": ["recipients"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({ "recipients": "{{ event.payload.emails }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_template_in_object_field_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "metadata": { "type": "object" }
+            },
+            "required": ["metadata"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({ "metadata": "{{ event.payload.meta }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_mixed_template_and_literal_values() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "message": { "type": "string" },
+                "count": { "type": "integer" },
+                "verbose": { "type": "boolean" }
+            },
+            "required": ["message", "count", "verbose"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+
+        // Mix of literal and template values
+        let params = json!({
+            "message": "Hello",
+            "count": "{{ event.payload.count }}",
+            "verbose": true
+        });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_literal_values_still_validated() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "message": { "type": "string" },
+                "count": { "type": "integer" }
+            },
+            "required": ["message", "count"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+
+        // Template for message is fine, but literal "not_a_number" for integer is not
+        let params = json!({
+            "message": "{{ event.payload.msg }}",
+            "count": "not_a_number"
+        });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_required_field_still_enforced_with_templates() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "message": { "type": "string" },
+                "count": { "type": "integer" }
+            },
+            "required": ["message", "count"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+
+        // Only message provided (even as template), count is missing
+        let params = json!({ "message": "{{ event.payload.msg }}" });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_pack_config_template_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "api_key": { "type": "string" },
+                "timeout": { "type": "integer" }
+            },
+            "required": ["api_key", "timeout"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({
+            "api_key": "{{ pack.config.api_key }}",
+            "timeout": "{{ pack.config.default_timeout }}"
+        });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_system_template_passes() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "timestamp": { "type": "string" },
+                "rule_id": { "type": "integer" }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "rule_id"]
+        });
+
+        let action = make_action(Some(schema));
+        let params = json!({
+            "timestamp": "{{ system.timestamp }}",
+            "rule_id": "{{ system.rule.id }}"
+        });
+        assert!(validate_action_params(&action, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_trigger_params_template_aware() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "unit": { "type": "string", "enum": ["seconds", "minutes", "hours"] },
+                "delta": { "type": "integer", "minimum": 1 }
+            },
+            "required": ["unit", "delta"]
+        });
+
+        let trigger = make_trigger(Some(schema));
+
+        // Both fields as templates
+        let params = json!({
+            "unit": "{{ pack.config.timer_unit }}",
+            "delta": "{{ pack.config.timer_delta }}"
+        });
+        assert!(validate_trigger_params(&trigger, &params).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    // ── Placeholder generation ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_template_expression() {
+        assert!(is_template_expression(&json!("{{ event.payload.x }}")));
+        assert!(is_template_expression(&json!("{{ pack.config.key }}")));
+        assert!(is_template_expression(&json!(
+            "prefix {{ system.ts }} suffix"
+        )));
+        assert!(!is_template_expression(&json!("no braces here")));
+        assert!(!is_template_expression(&json!(42)));
+        assert!(!is_template_expression(&json!(true)));
+        assert!(!is_template_expression(&json!("{ single braces }")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_placeholder_for_schema_types() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            placeholder_for_schema(&json!({"type": "integer"})),
+            json!(0)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            placeholder_for_schema(&json!({"type": "number"})),
+            json!(0.0)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            placeholder_for_schema(&json!({"type": "boolean"})),
+            json!(true)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(placeholder_for_schema(&json!({"type": "array"})), json!([]));
+        assert_eq!(
+            placeholder_for_schema(&json!({"type": "object"})),
+            json!({})
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            placeholder_for_schema(&json!({"type": "string"})),
+            json!("__template_placeholder__")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_placeholder_respects_enum() {
+        let schema = json!({"type": "string", "enum": ["a", "b", "c"]});
+        assert_eq!(placeholder_for_schema(&schema), json!("a"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_placeholder_respects_default() {
+        let schema = json!({"type": "integer", "default": 42});
+        assert_eq!(placeholder_for_schema(&schema), json!(42));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_placeholder_respects_minimum() {
+        let schema = json!({"type": "integer", "minimum": 5});
+        assert_eq!(placeholder_for_schema(&schema), json!(5));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nested_object_template_replacement() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "outer": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "inner_count": { "type": "integer" }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        let params = json!({
+            "outer": {
+                "inner_count": "{{ event.payload.count }}"
+            }
+        });
+
+        let sanitized = replace_templates_with_placeholders(&params, &schema);
+        // The inner template should be replaced with an integer placeholder
+        assert!(sanitized["outer"]["inner_count"].is_number());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_array_element_template_replacement() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "tags": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": { "type": "string" }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        let params = json!({
+            "tags": ["literal", "{{ event.payload.tag }}"]
+        });
+
+        let sanitized = replace_templates_with_placeholders(&params, &schema);
+        let tags = sanitized["tags"].as_array().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tags[0], "literal");
+        assert!(tags[1].is_string());
+        assert_ne!(tags[1], "{{ event.payload.tag }}");
+    }
 }

crates/common/src/models.rs

@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ pub mod runtime {
     }
 
     fn default_interpreter_binary() -> String {
-        "/bin/sh".to_string()
+        String::new()
     }
 
     impl Default for InterpreterConfig {

crates/common/src/pack_registry/loader.rs

@@ -144,10 +144,7 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
             let runtime_ref = match data.get("ref").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
                 Some(r) => r.to_string(),
                 None => {
-                    let msg = format!(
+                    let msg = format!("Runtime YAML {} missing 'ref' field, skipping", filename);
-                        "Runtime YAML {} missing 'ref' field, skipping",
-                        filename
-                    );
                     warn!("{}", msg);
                     result.warnings.push(msg);
                     continue;
@@ -155,9 +152,7 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
             };
 
             // Check if runtime already exists
-            if let Some(existing) =
+            if let Some(existing) = RuntimeRepository::find_by_ref(self.pool, &runtime_ref).await? {
-                RuntimeRepository::find_by_ref(self.pool, &runtime_ref).await?
-            {
                 info!(
                     "Runtime '{}' already exists (ID: {}), skipping",
                     runtime_ref, existing.id
@@ -204,10 +199,7 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
 
             match RuntimeRepository::create(self.pool, input).await {
                 Ok(rt) => {
-                    info!(
+                    info!("Created runtime '{}' (ID: {})", runtime_ref, rt.id);
-                        "Created runtime '{}' (ID: {})",
-                        runtime_ref, rt.id
-                    );
                     result.runtimes_loaded += 1;
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -509,15 +501,19 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
             self.pack_ref
         );
 
-        // Resolve sensor runtime
-        let sensor_runtime_id = self.resolve_runtime_id("builtin").await?;
-        let sensor_runtime_ref = "core.builtin".to_string();
-
         for (filename, content) in &yaml_files {
             let data: serde_yaml_ng::Value = serde_yaml_ng::from_str(content).map_err(|e| {
                 Error::validation(format!("Failed to parse sensor YAML {}: {}", filename, e))
             })?;
 
+            // Resolve sensor runtime from YAML runner_type field.
+            // Defaults to "native" if not specified (compiled binary, no interpreter).
+            let runner_type = data
+                .get("runner_type")
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                .unwrap_or("native");
+            let (sensor_runtime_id, sensor_runtime_ref) = self.resolve_runtime(runner_type).await?;
+
             let sensor_ref = match data.get("ref").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
                 Some(r) => r.to_string(),
                 None => {
@@ -581,7 +577,7 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
                 label,
                 description,
                 entrypoint,
-                runtime: sensor_runtime_id.unwrap_or(0),
+                runtime: sensor_runtime_id,
                 runtime_ref: sensor_runtime_ref.clone(),
                 trigger: trigger_id.unwrap_or(0),
                 trigger_ref: trigger_ref.unwrap_or_default(),
@@ -606,7 +602,7 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Resolve a runtime ID from a runner type string (e.g., "shell", "python", "builtin").
+    /// Resolve a runtime ID from a runner type string (e.g., "shell", "python", "native").
     ///
     /// Looks up the runtime in the database by `core.{name}` ref pattern,
     /// then falls back to name-based lookup (case-insensitive).
@@ -614,8 +610,20 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
     /// - "shell" -> "core.shell"
     /// - "python" -> "core.python"
     /// - "node"  -> "core.nodejs"
-    /// - "builtin" -> "core.builtin"
+    /// - "native" -> "core.native"
     async fn resolve_runtime_id(&self, runner_type: &str) -> Result<Option<Id>> {
+        let (id, _ref) = self.resolve_runtime(runner_type).await?;
+        if id == 0 {
+            Ok(None)
+        } else {
+            Ok(Some(id))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Map a runner_type string to a (runtime_id, runtime_ref) pair.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `(0, "unknown")` when no matching runtime is found.
+    async fn resolve_runtime(&self, runner_type: &str) -> Result<(Id, String)> {
         let runner_lower = runner_type.to_lowercase();
 
         // Runtime refs use the format `{pack_ref}.{name}` (e.g., "core.python").
@@ -623,28 +631,27 @@ impl<'a> PackComponentLoader<'a> {
             "shell" | "bash" | "sh" => vec!["core.shell"],
             "python" | "python3" => vec!["core.python"],
             "node" | "nodejs" | "node.js" => vec!["core.nodejs"],
-            "native" => vec!["core.native"],
+            "native" | "builtin" | "standalone" => vec!["core.native"],
-            "builtin" => vec!["core.builtin"],
             other => vec![other],
         };
 
         for runtime_ref in &refs_to_try {
             if let Some(runtime) = RuntimeRepository::find_by_ref(self.pool, runtime_ref).await? {
-                return Ok(Some(runtime.id));
+                return Ok((runtime.id, runtime.r#ref));
             }
         }
 
         // Fall back to name-based lookup (case-insensitive)
         use crate::repositories::runtime::RuntimeRepository as RR;
         if let Some(runtime) = RR::find_by_name(self.pool, &runner_lower).await? {
-            return Ok(Some(runtime.id));
+            return Ok((runtime.id, runtime.r#ref));
         }
 
         warn!(
-            "Could not find runtime for runner_type '{}', action will have no runtime",
+            "Could not find runtime for runner_type '{}', component will have no runtime",
             runner_type
         );
-        Ok(None)
+        Ok((0, "unknown".to_string()))
     }
 
     /// Resolve the trigger reference and ID for a sensor.

crates/common/src/runtime_detection.rs

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl RuntimeDetector {
 
     /// Verify if a runtime is available on this system
     pub async fn verify_runtime_available(runtime: &Runtime) -> bool {
-        // Check if runtime is always available (e.g., shell, native, builtin)
+        // Check if runtime is always available (e.g., shell, native)
         if let Some(verification) = runtime.distributions.get("verification") {
             if let Some(always_available) = verification.get("always_available") {
                 if always_available.as_bool() == Some(true) {

crates/common/src/schema.rs

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(RefValidator::validate_runtime_ref("core.python").is_ok());
         assert!(RefValidator::validate_runtime_ref("core.shell").is_ok());
         assert!(RefValidator::validate_runtime_ref("mypack.nodejs").is_ok());
-        assert!(RefValidator::validate_runtime_ref("core.builtin").is_ok());
+        assert!(RefValidator::validate_runtime_ref("core.native").is_ok());
 
         // Invalid formats
         assert!(RefValidator::validate_runtime_ref("core.action.webhook").is_err()); // 3-part no longer valid

crates/executor/src/event_processor.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use attune_common::{
     },
     repositories::{
         event::{CreateEnforcementInput, EnforcementRepository, EventRepository},
+        pack::PackRepository,
         rule::RuleRepository,
         Create, FindById, List,
     },
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ impl EventProcessor {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| serde_json::Map::new());
 
         // Resolve action parameters using the template resolver
-        let resolved_params = Self::resolve_action_params(rule, event, &payload)?;
+        let resolved_params = Self::resolve_action_params(pool, rule, event, &payload).await?;
 
         let create_input = CreateEnforcementInput {
             rule: Some(rule.id),
@@ -354,7 +355,8 @@ impl EventProcessor {
     /// Replaces `{{ event.payload.* }}`, `{{ event.id }}`, `{{ event.trigger }}`,
     /// `{{ event.created }}`, `{{ pack.config.* }}`, and `{{ system.* }}` references
     /// in the rule's `action_params` with values from the event and context.
-    fn resolve_action_params(
+    async fn resolve_action_params(
+        pool: &PgPool,
         rule: &Rule,
         event: &Event,
         event_payload: &serde_json::Value,
@@ -366,11 +368,26 @@ impl EventProcessor {
             return Ok(serde_json::Map::new());
         }
 
+        // Load pack config from database for pack.config.* resolution
+        let pack_config = match PackRepository::find_by_id(pool, rule.pack).await {
+            Ok(Some(pack)) => pack.config,
+            Ok(None) => {
+                warn!(
+                    "Pack {} not found for rule {} — pack.config.* templates will resolve to null",
+                    rule.pack, rule.r#ref
+                );
+                serde_json::json!({})
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!("Failed to load pack {} for rule {}: {} — pack.config.* templates will resolve to null", rule.pack, rule.r#ref, e);
+                serde_json::json!({})
+            }
+        };
+
         // Build template context from the event
         let context = TemplateContext::new(
             event_payload.clone(),
-            // TODO: Load pack config from database for pack.config.* resolution
+            pack_config,
-            serde_json::json!({}),
             serde_json::json!({
                 "timestamp": chrono::Utc::now().to_rfc3339(),
                 "rule": {

crates/sensor/src/sensor_manager.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use attune_common::models::{Id, Sensor, Trigger};
-use attune_common::repositories::{FindById, List};
+use attune_common::repositories::{FindById, List, RuntimeRepository};
 
 use sqlx::{PgPool, Row};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ struct SensorManagerInner {
     sensors: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<Id, SensorInstance>>>,
     running: Arc<RwLock<bool>>,
     packs_base_dir: String,
+    runtime_envs_dir: String,
     api_client: ApiClient,
     api_url: String,
     mq_url: String,
@@ -58,6 +59,10 @@ impl SensorManager {
         let mq_url = std::env::var("ATTUNE_MQ_URL")
             .unwrap_or_else(|_| "amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672".to_string());
 
+        let runtime_envs_dir = std::env::var("ATTUNE_RUNTIME_ENVS_DIR")
+            .or_else(|_| std::env::var("ATTUNE__RUNTIME_ENVS_DIR"))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| "/opt/attune/runtime_envs".to_string());
+
         // Create API client for token provisioning (no admin token - uses internal endpoint)
         let api_client = ApiClient::new(api_url.clone(), None);
 
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@ impl SensorManager {
                 sensors: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
                 running: Arc::new(RwLock::new(false)),
                 packs_base_dir,
+                runtime_envs_dir,
                 api_client,
                 api_url,
                 mq_url,
@@ -212,9 +218,45 @@ impl SensorManager {
             self.inner.packs_base_dir, pack_ref, sensor.entrypoint
         );
 
+        // Load the runtime to determine how to execute the sensor
+        let runtime = RuntimeRepository::find_by_id(&self.inner.db, sensor.runtime)
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                anyhow!(
+                    "Runtime {} not found for sensor {}",
+                    sensor.runtime,
+                    sensor.r#ref
+                )
+            })?;
+
+        let exec_config = runtime.parsed_execution_config();
+        let rt_name = runtime.name.to_lowercase();
+
+        // Resolve the interpreter: check for a virtualenv/node_modules first,
+        // then fall back to the system interpreter.
+        let pack_dir = std::path::PathBuf::from(&self.inner.packs_base_dir).join(pack_ref);
+        let env_dir = std::path::PathBuf::from(&self.inner.runtime_envs_dir)
+            .join(pack_ref)
+            .join(&rt_name);
+        let env_dir_opt = if env_dir.exists() {
+            Some(env_dir.as_path())
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        // Determine whether we need an interpreter or can execute directly.
+        // Determine native vs interpreted purely from the runtime's execution_config.
+        // A native runtime (e.g., core.native) has no interpreter configured —
+        // its binary field is empty. Interpreted runtimes (Python, Node, etc.)
+        // declare their interpreter binary explicitly in execution_config.
+        let interpreter_binary = &exec_config.interpreter.binary;
+        let is_native = interpreter_binary.is_empty()
+            || interpreter_binary == "native"
+            || interpreter_binary == "none";
+
         info!(
-            "TRACE: Before fetching trigger instances for sensor {}",
+            "Sensor {} runtime={} interpreter={} native={}",
-            sensor.r#ref
+            sensor.r#ref, rt_name, interpreter_binary, is_native
         );
         info!("Starting standalone sensor process: {}", sensor_script);
 
@@ -245,9 +287,30 @@ impl SensorManager {
             .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Failed to serialize trigger instances: {}", e))?;
         info!("Trigger instances JSON: {}", trigger_instances_json);
 
+        // Build the command: use the interpreter for non-native runtimes,
+        // execute the script directly for native binaries.
+        let mut cmd = if is_native {
+            Command::new(&sensor_script)
+        } else {
+            let resolved_interpreter =
+                exec_config.resolve_interpreter_with_env(&pack_dir, env_dir_opt);
+            info!(
+                "Using interpreter {} for sensor {}",
+                resolved_interpreter.display(),
+                sensor.r#ref
+            );
+            let mut c = Command::new(resolved_interpreter);
+            // Pass any extra interpreter args (e.g., -u for unbuffered Python)
+            for arg in &exec_config.interpreter.args {
+                c.arg(arg);
+            }
+            c.arg(&sensor_script);
+            c
+        };
+
         // Start the standalone sensor with token and configuration
         // Pass sensor ref (e.g., "core.interval_timer_sensor") for proper identification
-        let mut child = Command::new(&sensor_script)
+        let mut child = cmd
             .env("ATTUNE_API_URL", &self.inner.api_url)
             .env("ATTUNE_API_TOKEN", &token_response.token)
             .env("ATTUNE_SENSOR_ID", &sensor.id.to_string())

crates/worker/src/env_setup.rs

@@ -434,12 +434,18 @@ async fn process_runtime_for_pack(
 ///
 /// Returns `None` if the variable is not set (meaning all runtimes are accepted).
 pub fn runtime_filter_from_env() -> Option<Vec<String>> {
-    std::env::var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES").ok().map(|val| {
+    std::env::var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES")
-        val.split(',')
+        .ok()
-            .map(|s| s.trim().to_lowercase())
+        .map(|val| parse_runtime_filter(&val))
-            .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+}
-            .collect()
+
-    })
+/// Parse a comma-separated runtime filter string into a list of lowercase runtime names.
+/// Empty entries are filtered out.
+fn parse_runtime_filter(val: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    val.split(',')
+        .map(|s| s.trim().to_lowercase())
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        .collect()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -447,26 +453,21 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_runtime_filter_from_env_not_set() {
+    fn test_parse_runtime_filter_values() {
-        // When ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES is not set, filter should be None
+        let filter = parse_runtime_filter("shell,Python, Node");
-        std::env::remove_var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES");
-        assert!(runtime_filter_from_env().is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_runtime_filter_from_env_set() {
-        std::env::set_var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES", "shell,Python, Node");
-        let filter = runtime_filter_from_env().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(filter, vec!["shell", "python", "node"]);
-        std::env::remove_var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES");
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_runtime_filter_from_env_empty() {
+    fn test_parse_runtime_filter_empty() {
-        std::env::set_var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES", "");
+        let filter = parse_runtime_filter("");
-        let filter = runtime_filter_from_env().unwrap();
         assert!(filter.is_empty());
-        std::env::remove_var("ATTUNE_WORKER_RUNTIMES");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_runtime_filter_whitespace() {
+        let filter = parse_runtime_filter("  shell , , python  ");
+        assert_eq!(filter, vec!["shell", "python"]);
     }
 
     #[test]

crates/worker/src/runtime/process_executor.rs

@@ -55,12 +55,20 @@ pub async fn execute_streaming(
     let stdin_write_error = if let Some(mut stdin) = child.stdin.take() {
         let mut error = None;
 
-        // Write parameters first if using stdin delivery
+        // Write parameters first if using stdin delivery.
+        // Skip empty/trivial content ("{}","","[]") to avoid polluting stdin
+        // before secrets — scripts that read secrets via readline() expect
+        // the secrets JSON as the first line.
+        let has_real_params = parameters_stdin
+            .map(|s| !matches!(s.trim(), "" | "{}" | "[]"))
+            .unwrap_or(false);
         if let Some(params_data) = parameters_stdin {
-            if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(params_data.as_bytes()).await {
+            if has_real_params {
-                error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameters to stdin: {}", e));
+                if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(params_data.as_bytes()).await {
-            } else if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(b"\n---ATTUNE_PARAMS_END---\n").await {
+                    error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameters to stdin: {}", e));
-                error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameter delimiter: {}", e));
+                } else if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(b"\n---ATTUNE_PARAMS_END---\n").await {
+                    error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameter delimiter: {}", e));
+                }
             }
         }
 

crates/worker/src/runtime/shell.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use super::{
     RuntimeResult,
 };
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::Stdio;
 use std::time::Instant;
@@ -16,6 +17,15 @@ use tokio::process::Command;
 use tokio::time::timeout;
 use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
 
+/// Escape a string for embedding inside a bash single-quoted string.
+///
+/// In single-quoted strings the only problematic character is `'` itself.
+/// We close the current single-quote, insert an escaped single-quote, and
+/// reopen: `'foo'\''bar'` → `foo'bar`.
+fn bash_single_quote_escape(s: &str) -> String {
+    s.replace('\'', "'\\''")
+}
+
 /// Shell runtime for executing shell scripts and commands
 pub struct ShellRuntime {
     /// Shell interpreter path (bash, sh, zsh, etc.)
@@ -75,12 +85,20 @@ impl ShellRuntime {
         let stdin_write_error = if let Some(mut stdin) = child.stdin.take() {
             let mut error = None;
 
-            // Write parameters first if using stdin delivery
+            // Write parameters first if using stdin delivery.
+            // Skip empty/trivial content ("{}","","[]") to avoid polluting stdin
+            // before secrets — scripts that read secrets via readline() expect
+            // the secrets JSON as the first line.
+            let has_real_params = parameters_stdin
+                .map(|s| !matches!(s.trim(), "" | "{}" | "[]"))
+                .unwrap_or(false);
             if let Some(params_data) = parameters_stdin {
-                if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(params_data.as_bytes()).await {
+                if has_real_params {
-                    error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameters to stdin: {}", e));
+                    if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(params_data.as_bytes()).await {
-                } else if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(b"\n---ATTUNE_PARAMS_END---\n").await {
+                        error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameters to stdin: {}", e));
-                    error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameter delimiter: {}", e));
+                    } else if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(b"\n---ATTUNE_PARAMS_END---\n").await {
+                        error = Some(format!("Failed to write parameter delimiter: {}", e));
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -300,7 +318,12 @@ impl ShellRuntime {
         })
     }
 
-    /// Generate shell wrapper script that injects parameters as environment variables
+    /// Generate shell wrapper script that injects parameters and secrets directly.
+    ///
+    /// Secrets are embedded as bash associative-array entries at generation time
+    /// so the wrapper has **zero external runtime dependencies** (no Python, jq,
+    /// etc.).  The generated script is written to a temp file by the caller so
+    /// that secrets never appear in `/proc/<pid>/cmdline`.
     fn generate_wrapper_script(&self, context: &ExecutionContext) -> RuntimeResult<String> {
         let mut script = String::new();
 
@@ -308,25 +331,19 @@ impl ShellRuntime {
         script.push_str("#!/bin/bash\n");
         script.push_str("set -e\n\n"); // Exit on error
 
-        // Read secrets from stdin and store in associative array
+        // Populate secrets associative array directly from Rust — no stdin
-        script.push_str("# Read secrets from stdin (passed securely, not via environment)\n");
+        // reading, no JSON parsing, no external interpreters.
+        script.push_str("# Secrets (injected at generation time, not via environment)\n");
         script.push_str("declare -A ATTUNE_SECRETS\n");
-        script.push_str("read -r ATTUNE_SECRETS_JSON\n");
+        for (key, value) in &context.secrets {
-        script.push_str("if [ -n \"$ATTUNE_SECRETS_JSON\" ]; then\n");
+            let escaped_key = bash_single_quote_escape(key);
-        script.push_str("  # Parse JSON secrets using Python (always available)\n");
+            let escaped_val = bash_single_quote_escape(value);
-        script.push_str("  eval \"$(echo \"$ATTUNE_SECRETS_JSON\" | python3 -c \"\n");
+            script.push_str(&format!(
-        script.push_str("import sys, json\n");
+                "ATTUNE_SECRETS['{}']='{}'\n",
-        script.push_str("try:\n");
+                escaped_key, escaped_val
-        script.push_str("    secrets = json.load(sys.stdin)\n");
+            ));
-        script.push_str("    for key, value in secrets.items():\n");
+        }
-        script.push_str("        # Escape single quotes in value\n");
+        script.push('\n');
-        script.push_str(
-            "        safe_value = value.replace(\\\"'\\\", \\\"'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'\\\")  \n",
-        );
-        script.push_str("        print(f\\\"ATTUNE_SECRETS['{key}']='{safe_value}'\\\")\n");
-        script.push_str("except: pass\n");
-        script.push_str("\")\"\n");
-        script.push_str("fi\n\n");
 
         // Helper function to get secrets
         script.push_str("# Helper function to access secrets\n");
@@ -344,16 +361,17 @@ impl ShellRuntime {
                 serde_json::Value::Bool(b) => b.to_string(),
                 _ => serde_json::to_string(value)?,
             };
+            let escaped = bash_single_quote_escape(&value_str);
             // Export with PARAM_ prefix for consistency
             script.push_str(&format!(
                 "export PARAM_{}='{}'\n",
                 key.to_uppercase(),
-                value_str
+                escaped
             ));
             // Also export without prefix for easier shell script writing
-            script.push_str(&format!("export {}='{}'\n", key, value_str));
+            script.push_str(&format!("export {}='{}'\n", key, escaped));
         }
-        script.push_str("\n");
+        script.push('\n');
 
         // Add the action code
         script.push_str("# Action code\n");
@@ -364,44 +382,6 @@ impl ShellRuntime {
         Ok(script)
     }
 
-    /// Execute shell script directly
-    async fn execute_shell_code(
-        &self,
-        code: String,
-        secrets: &std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
-        env: &std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
-        parameters_stdin: Option<&str>,
-        timeout_secs: Option<u64>,
-        max_stdout_bytes: usize,
-        max_stderr_bytes: usize,
-        output_format: OutputFormat,
-    ) -> RuntimeResult<ExecutionResult> {
-        debug!(
-            "Executing shell script with {} secrets (passed via stdin)",
-            secrets.len()
-        );
-
-        // Build command
-        let mut cmd = Command::new(&self.shell_path);
-        cmd.arg("-c").arg(&code);
-
-        // Add environment variables
-        for (key, value) in env {
-            cmd.env(key, value);
-        }
-
-        self.execute_with_streaming(
-            cmd,
-            secrets,
-            parameters_stdin,
-            timeout_secs,
-            max_stdout_bytes,
-            max_stderr_bytes,
-            output_format,
-        )
-        .await
-    }
-
     /// Execute shell script from file
     async fn execute_shell_file(
         &self,
@@ -520,19 +500,42 @@ impl Runtime for ShellRuntime {
                 .await;
         }
 
-        // Otherwise, generate wrapper script and execute
+        // Otherwise, generate wrapper script and execute.
+        // Secrets and parameters are embedded directly in the wrapper script
+        // by generate_wrapper_script(), so we write it to a temp file (to keep
+        // secrets out of /proc/cmdline) and pass no secrets/params via stdin.
         let script = self.generate_wrapper_script(&context)?;
-        self.execute_shell_code(
+
-            script,
+        // Write wrapper to a temp file so secrets are not exposed in the
-            &context.secrets,
+        // process command line (which would happen with `bash -c "..."`).
-            &env,
+        let wrapper_dir = self.work_dir.join("wrappers");
-            parameters_stdin,
+        tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&wrapper_dir).await.map_err(|e| {
-            context.timeout,
+            RuntimeError::ExecutionFailed(format!("Failed to create wrapper directory: {}", e))
-            context.max_stdout_bytes,
+        })?;
-            context.max_stderr_bytes,
+        let wrapper_path = wrapper_dir.join(format!("wrapper_{}.sh", context.execution_id));
-            context.output_format,
+        tokio::fs::write(&wrapper_path, &script)
-        )
+            .await
-        .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                RuntimeError::ExecutionFailed(format!("Failed to write wrapper script: {}", e))
+            })?;
+
+        let result = self
+            .execute_shell_file(
+                wrapper_path.clone(),
+                &HashMap::new(), // secrets are in the script, not stdin
+                &env,
+                None,
+                context.timeout,
+                context.max_stdout_bytes,
+                context.max_stderr_bytes,
+                context.output_format,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        // Clean up wrapper file (best-effort)
+        let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&wrapper_path).await;
+
+        result
     }
 
     async fn setup(&self) -> RuntimeResult<()> {
@@ -716,7 +719,6 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
-    #[ignore = "Pre-existing failure - secrets not being passed correctly"]
     async fn test_shell_runtime_with_secrets() {
         let runtime = ShellRuntime::new();
 

crates/worker/src/service.rs

@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ impl WorkerService {
         // Load runtimes from the database and create ProcessRuntime instances.
         // Each runtime row's `execution_config` JSONB drives how the ProcessRuntime
         // invokes interpreters, manages environments, and installs dependencies.
-        // We skip runtimes with empty execution_config (e.g., the built-in sensor
+        // We skip runtimes with empty execution_config (e.g., core.native) since
-        // runtime) since they have no interpreter and cannot execute as a process.
+        // they execute binaries directly and don't need a ProcessRuntime wrapper.
         match RuntimeRepository::list(&pool).await {
             Ok(db_runtimes) => {
                 let executable_runtimes: Vec<_> = db_runtimes

docker-compose.yaml

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ services:
   # Initialize builtin packs
   # Copies pack files to shared volume and loads them into database
   init-packs:
-    image: python:3.11-alpine
+    image: python:3.11-slim
     container_name: attune-init-packs
     volumes:
       - ./packs:/source/packs:ro

docker/init-packs.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # Initialize builtin packs for Attune
 # This script copies pack files to the shared volume and registers them in the database
+# Designed to run on python:3.11-slim (Debian-based) image
 
 set -e
 
@@ -32,20 +33,9 @@ echo -e "${BLUE}║    Attune Builtin Packs Initialization         ║${NC}"
 echo -e "${BLUE}╚════════════════════════════════════════════════╝${NC}"
 echo ""
 
-# Install system dependencies
-echo -e "${YELLOW}→${NC} Installing system dependencies..."
-apk add --no-cache postgresql-client > /dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
-    echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} System dependencies installed"
-else
-    echo -e "${RED}✗${NC} Failed to install system dependencies"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
 # Install Python dependencies
 echo -e "${YELLOW}→${NC} Installing Python dependencies..."
-pip install --quiet --no-cache-dir psycopg2-binary pyyaml 2>/dev/null
+if pip install --quiet --no-cache-dir psycopg2-binary pyyaml; then
-if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
     echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} Python dependencies installed"
 else
     echo -e "${RED}✗${NC} Failed to install Python dependencies"
@@ -53,10 +43,17 @@ else
 fi
 echo ""
 
-# Wait for database to be ready
+# Wait for database to be ready (using Python instead of psql to avoid needing postgresql-client)
 echo -e "${YELLOW}→${NC} Waiting for database to be ready..."
-export PGPASSWORD="$DB_PASSWORD"
+until python3 -c "
-until psql -h "$DB_HOST" -p "$DB_PORT" -U "$DB_USER" -d "$DB_NAME" -c '\q' 2>/dev/null; do
+import psycopg2, sys
+try:
+    conn = psycopg2.connect(host='$DB_HOST', port=$DB_PORT, user='$DB_USER', password='$DB_PASSWORD', dbname='$DB_NAME', connect_timeout=3)
+    conn.close()
+    sys.exit(0)
+except Exception:
+    sys.exit(1)
+" 2>/dev/null; do
   echo -e "${YELLOW}  ...${NC} Database is unavailable - sleeping"
   sleep 2
 done
@@ -111,8 +108,7 @@ for pack_dir in "$SOURCE_PACKS_DIR"/*; do
             if [ -d "$target_pack_dir" ]; then
                 # Pack exists, update files to ensure we have latest (especially binaries)
                 echo -e "${YELLOW}  ⟳${NC} Pack exists at: $target_pack_dir, updating files..."
-                cp -rf "$pack_dir"/* "$target_pack_dir"/
+                if cp -rf "$pack_dir"/* "$target_pack_dir"/; then
-                if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                     echo -e "${GREEN}  ✓${NC} Updated pack files at: $target_pack_dir"
                 else
                     echo -e "${RED}  ✗${NC} Failed to update pack"
@@ -121,9 +117,7 @@ for pack_dir in "$SOURCE_PACKS_DIR"/*; do
             else
                 # Copy pack to target directory
                 echo -e "${YELLOW}  →${NC} Copying pack files..."
-                cp -r "$pack_dir" "$target_pack_dir"
+                if cp -r "$pack_dir" "$target_pack_dir"; then
-
-                if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                     COPIED_COUNT=$((COPIED_COUNT + 1))
                     echo -e "${GREEN}  ✓${NC} Copied to: $target_pack_dir"
                 else

packs/core/runtimes/README.md

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ Each runtime YAML file contains only the fields that are stored in the database:
 - **python.yaml** - Python 3 runtime for actions and sensors
 - **nodejs.yaml** - Node.js runtime for JavaScript-based actions and sensors
 - **shell.yaml** - Shell (bash/sh) runtime - always available
-- **native.yaml** - Native compiled runtime (Rust, Go, C, etc.) - always available
+- **native.yaml** - Native compiled runtime (Rust, Go, C, etc.) - executes binaries directly without an interpreter
-- **sensor_builtin.yaml** - Built-in sensor runtime for native Attune sensors
 
 ## Loading
 

packs/core/runtimes/native.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ref: core.native
 pack_ref: core
 name: Native
-description: Native compiled runtime (Rust, Go, C, etc.) - always available
+description: Native compiled runtime (Rust, Go, C, etc.) - executes binaries directly without an interpreter
 
 distributions:
   verification:
@@ -17,9 +17,4 @@ installation:
   build_required: false
   system_native: true
 
-execution_config:
+execution_config: {}
-  interpreter:
-    binary: "/bin/sh"
-    args:
-      - "-c"
-    file_extension: null

packs/core/runtimes/sensor_builtin.yaml

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-ref: core.builtin
-pack_ref: core
-name: Builtin
-description: Built-in sensor runtime for native Attune sensors (timers, webhooks, etc.)
-
-distributions:
-  verification:
-    always_available: true
-    check_required: false
-  type: builtin
-
-installation:
-  method: builtin
-  included_with_service: true

packs/core/sensors/interval_timer_sensor.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ description: "Built-in sensor that monitors time and fires timer triggers (inter
 enabled: true
 
 # Sensor runner type
-runner_type: standalone
+runner_type: native
 
 # Entry point for sensor execution
 entry_point: attune-core-timer-sensor

scripts/load_core_pack.py

@@ -442,12 +442,20 @@ class PackLoader:
         sensor_ids = {}
         cursor = self.conn.cursor()
 
-        # Look up sensor runtime from already-loaded runtimes
+        # Runtime name mapping: runner_type values to core runtime refs
-        sensor_runtime_id = runtime_ids.get("builtin") or runtime_ids.get(
+        runner_type_to_ref = {
-            "core.builtin"
+            "native": "core.native",
-        )
+            "standalone": "core.native",
-        if not sensor_runtime_id:
+            "builtin": "core.native",
-            print("  ⚠ No sensor runtime found, sensors will have no runtime")
+            "shell": "core.shell",
+            "bash": "core.shell",
+            "sh": "core.shell",
+            "python": "core.python",
+            "python3": "core.python",
+            "node": "core.nodejs",
+            "nodejs": "core.nodejs",
+            "node.js": "core.nodejs",
+        }
 
         for yaml_file in sorted(sensors_dir.glob("*.yaml")):
             sensor_data = self.load_yaml(yaml_file)
@@ -483,6 +491,20 @@ class PackLoader:
                     trigger_ref = f"{self.pack_ref}.{first_trigger}"
                 trigger_id = trigger_ids.get(trigger_ref)
 
+            # Resolve sensor runtime from YAML runner_type field
+            # Defaults to "native" (compiled binary, no interpreter)
+            runner_type = sensor_data.get("runner_type", "native").lower()
+            runtime_ref = runner_type_to_ref.get(runner_type, runner_type)
+            # Look up runtime ID: try the mapped ref, then the raw runner_type
+            sensor_runtime_id = runtime_ids.get(runtime_ref)
+            if not sensor_runtime_id:
+                # Try looking up by the short name (e.g., "python" key in runtime_ids)
+                sensor_runtime_id = runtime_ids.get(runner_type)
+            if not sensor_runtime_id:
+                print(
+                    f"  ⚠ No runtime found for runner_type '{runner_type}' (ref: {runtime_ref}), sensor will have no runtime"
+                )
+
             # Determine entrypoint
             entry_point = sensor_data.get("entry_point", "")
             if not entry_point:
@@ -521,7 +543,7 @@ class PackLoader:
                     description,
                     entry_point,
                     sensor_runtime_id,
-                    "core.builtin",
+                    runtime_ref,
                     trigger_id,
                     trigger_ref,
                     enabled,

scripts/seed_core_pack.sql

@@ -48,21 +48,29 @@ BEGIN
         updated = NOW()
     RETURNING id INTO v_action_runtime_id;
 
-    -- Create built-in runtime for sensors (no execution_config = not executable by worker)
+    -- Use the native runtime for sensors that are compiled binaries
-    INSERT INTO attune.runtime (ref, pack, pack_ref, name, description, distributions)
+    SELECT id INTO v_sensor_runtime_id
-    VALUES (
+    FROM attune.runtime
-        'core.builtin',
+    WHERE ref = 'core.native';
-        v_pack_id,
+
-        'core',
+    -- If core.native doesn't exist yet (shouldn't happen), create it
-        'Builtin',
+    IF v_sensor_runtime_id IS NULL THEN
-        'Built-in sensor runtime for native Attune sensors (timers, webhooks, etc.)',
+        INSERT INTO attune.runtime (ref, pack, pack_ref, name, description, distributions, execution_config)
-        '{"verification": {"always_available": true, "check_required": false}, "type": "builtin"}'::jsonb
+        VALUES (
-    )
+            'core.native',
-    ON CONFLICT (ref) DO UPDATE SET
+            v_pack_id,
-        name = EXCLUDED.name,
+            'core',
-        description = EXCLUDED.description,
+            'Native',
-        updated = NOW()
+            'Native compiled runtime (Rust, Go, C, etc.) - executes binaries directly without an interpreter',
-    RETURNING id INTO v_sensor_runtime_id;
+            '{"verification": {"always_available": true, "check_required": false}}'::jsonb,
+            '{}'::jsonb
+        )
+        ON CONFLICT (ref) DO UPDATE SET
+            name = EXCLUDED.name,
+            description = EXCLUDED.description,
+            updated = NOW()
+        RETURNING id INTO v_sensor_runtime_id;
+    END IF;
 
     -- Create generic timer triggers (these define trigger types, not instances)
 
@@ -366,9 +374,9 @@ BEGIN
         'core',
         '10 Second Timer Sensor',
         'Timer sensor that fires every 10 seconds',
-        'builtin:interval_timer',
+        'attune-core-timer-sensor',
         v_sensor_runtime_id,
-        'core.builtin',
+        'core.native',
         v_intervaltimer_id,
         'core.intervaltimer',
         true,

systemctl status postgresql.service

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+○ valkey.service - Advanced key-value store
+     Loaded: loaded (]8;;file://hp-probook-cachy/usr/lib/systemd/system/valkey.service\/usr/lib/systemd/system/valkey.service]8;;\; [0;1;38:5:185mdisabled; preset: [0;1;38:5:185mdisabled)
+     Active: inactive (dead)
+
+Feb 10 20:42:44 hp-probook-cachy systemd[1]: Started Advanced key-value store.
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy valkey-server[1154]: 1154:signal-handler (1771530606) Received SIGTERM scheduling shutdown...
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy systemd[1]: Stopping Advanced key-value store...
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy valkey-server[1154]: 1154:M 19 Feb 2026 13:50:06.871 * User requested shutdown...
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy valkey-server[1154]: 1154:M 19 Feb 2026 13:50:06.871 * Saving the final RDB snapshot before exiting.
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy valkey-server[1154]: 1154:M 19 Feb 2026 13:50:06.874 * DB saved on disk
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy valkey-server[1154]: 1154:M 19 Feb 2026 13:50:06.874 # Valkey is now ready to exit, bye bye...
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy systemd[1]: valkey.service: Deactivated successfully.
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy systemd[1]: Stopped Advanced key-value store.
+Feb 19 13:50:06 hp-probook-cachy systemd[1]: valkey.service: Consumed 3min 58.539s CPU time over 1d 15h 35min 51.539s wall clock time, 13.2M memory peak.

web/src/components/common/ParamSchemaForm.tsx

@@ -32,12 +32,76 @@ interface ParamSchemaFormProps {
   errors?: Record<string, string>;
   disabled?: boolean;
   className?: string;
+  /**
+   * When true, all inputs render as text fields that accept template expressions
+   * like {{ event.payload.field }}, {{ pack.config.key }}, {{ system.timestamp }}.
+   * Used in rule configuration where parameters may be dynamically resolved
+   * at enforcement time rather than set to literal values.
+   */
+  allowTemplates?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a string value contains a template expression ({{ ... }})
+ */
+function isTemplateExpression(value: any): boolean {
+  return typeof value === "string" && /\{\{.*\}\}/.test(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a value for display in a text input.
+ * Non-string values (booleans, numbers, objects, arrays) are JSON-stringified
+ * so the user can edit them as text.
+ */
+function valueToString(value: any): string {
+  if (value === undefined || value === null) return "";
+  if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+  return JSON.stringify(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attempt to parse a text input value back to the appropriate JS type.
+ * Template expressions are always kept as strings.
+ * Plain values are coerced to the schema type when possible.
+ */
+function parseTemplateValue(raw: string, type: string): any {
+  if (raw === "") return "";
+  // Template expressions stay as strings - resolved server-side
+  if (isTemplateExpression(raw)) return raw;
+
+  switch (type) {
+    case "boolean":
+      if (raw === "true") return true;
+      if (raw === "false") return false;
+      return raw; // keep as string if not a recognised literal
+    case "number":
+      if (!isNaN(Number(raw))) return parseFloat(raw);
+      return raw;
+    case "integer":
+      if (!isNaN(Number(raw)) && Number.isInteger(Number(raw)))
+        return parseInt(raw, 10);
+      return raw;
+    case "array":
+    case "object":
+      try {
+        return JSON.parse(raw);
+      } catch {
+        return raw;
+      }
+    default:
+      return raw;
+  }
 }
 
 /**
  * Dynamic form component that renders inputs based on a parameter schema.
  * Supports standard JSON Schema format with properties and required array.
  * Supports string, number, integer, boolean, array, object, and enum types.
+ *
+ * When `allowTemplates` is enabled, every field renders as a text input that
+ * accepts Jinja2-style template expressions (e.g. {{ event.payload.x }}).
+ * This is essential for rule configuration, where parameter values may reference
+ * event payloads, pack configs, keys, or system variables.
  */
 export default function ParamSchemaForm({
   schema,
@@ -46,6 +110,7 @@ export default function ParamSchemaForm({
   errors = {},
   disabled = false,
   className = "",
+  allowTemplates = false,
 }: ParamSchemaFormProps) {
   const [localErrors, setLocalErrors] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
 
@@ -98,7 +163,71 @@ export default function ParamSchemaForm({
   };
 
   /**
-   * Render input field based on parameter type
+   * Get a placeholder hint for template-mode inputs
+   */
+  const getTemplatePlaceholder = (key: string, param: any): string => {
+    const type = param?.type || "string";
+    switch (type) {
+      case "boolean":
+        return `true, false, or {{ event.payload.${key} }}`;
+      case "number":
+      case "integer":
+        return `${type} value or {{ event.payload.${key} }}`;
+      case "array":
+        return `["a","b"] or {{ event.payload.${key} }}`;
+      case "object":
+        return `{"k":"v"} or {{ event.payload.${key} }}`;
+      default:
+        if (param?.enum && param.enum.length > 0) {
+          const options = param.enum.slice(0, 3).join(", ");
+          const suffix = param.enum.length > 3 ? ", ..." : "";
+          return `${options}${suffix} or {{ event.payload.${key} }}`;
+        }
+        return param?.description || `{{ event.payload.${key} }}`;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Render a template-mode text input for any parameter type
+   */
+  const renderTemplateInput = (key: string, param: any) => {
+    const type = param?.type || "string";
+    const rawValue = values[key] ?? param?.default ?? "";
+    const isDisabled = disabled;
+    const displayValue = valueToString(rawValue);
+
+    // Use a textarea for complex types (array/object) to give more room
+    if (type === "array" || type === "object") {
+      return (
+        <textarea
+          value={displayValue}
+          onChange={(e) =>
+            handleInputChange(key, parseTemplateValue(e.target.value, type))
+          }
+          disabled={isDisabled}
+          rows={3}
+          className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:border-blue-500 font-mono text-sm disabled:bg-gray-100 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
+          placeholder={getTemplatePlaceholder(key, param)}
+        />
+      );
+    }
+
+    return (
+      <input
+        type="text"
+        value={displayValue}
+        onChange={(e) =>
+          handleInputChange(key, parseTemplateValue(e.target.value, type))
+        }
+        disabled={isDisabled}
+        className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:border-blue-500 disabled:bg-gray-100 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
+        placeholder={getTemplatePlaceholder(key, param)}
+      />
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Render input field based on parameter type (standard mode)
    */
   const renderInput = (key: string, param: any) => {
     const type = param?.type || "string";
@@ -249,6 +378,38 @@ export default function ParamSchemaForm({
     }
   };
 
+  /**
+   * Render type hint badge and additional context for template-mode fields
+   */
+  const renderTemplateHints = (_key: string, param: any) => {
+    const type = param?.type || "string";
+    const hints: string[] = [];
+
+    if (type === "boolean") {
+      hints.push("Accepts: true, false, or a template expression");
+    } else if (type === "number" || type === "integer") {
+      const parts = [`Accepts: ${type} value`];
+      if (param?.minimum !== undefined) parts.push(`min: ${param.minimum}`);
+      if (param?.maximum !== undefined) parts.push(`max: ${param.maximum}`);
+      hints.push(parts.join(", ") + ", or a template expression");
+    } else if (param?.enum && param.enum.length > 0) {
+      hints.push(`Options: ${param.enum.join(", ")}`);
+      hints.push("Also accepts a template expression");
+    }
+
+    if (hints.length === 0) return null;
+
+    return (
+      <div className="mt-1 space-y-0.5">
+        {hints.map((hint, i) => (
+          <p key={i} className="text-xs text-gray-500">
+            {hint}
+          </p>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    );
+  };
+
   const paramEntries = Object.entries(properties);
 
   if (paramEntries.length === 0) {
@@ -261,6 +422,26 @@ export default function ParamSchemaForm({
 
   return (
     <div className={`space-y-4 ${className}`}>
+      {allowTemplates && (
+        <div className="px-3 py-2 bg-amber-50 border border-amber-200 rounded-lg">
+          <p className="text-xs text-amber-800">
+            <span className="font-semibold">Template expressions</span> are
+            supported. Use{" "}
+            <code className="px-1 py-0.5 bg-amber-100 rounded text-[11px]">
+              {"{{ event.payload.field }}"}
+            </code>
+            ,{" "}
+            <code className="px-1 py-0.5 bg-amber-100 rounded text-[11px]">
+              {"{{ pack.config.key }}"}
+            </code>
+            , or{" "}
+            <code className="px-1 py-0.5 bg-amber-100 rounded text-[11px]">
+              {"{{ system.timestamp }}"}
+            </code>{" "}
+            to dynamically resolve values when the rule fires.
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )}
       {paramEntries.map(([key, param]) => (
         <div key={key}>
           <label className="block mb-2">
@@ -283,8 +464,19 @@ export default function ParamSchemaForm({
             {param?.description && param?.type !== "boolean" && (
               <p className="text-xs text-gray-600 mb-2">{param.description}</p>
             )}
+            {/* For boolean in template mode, show description since there's no checkbox label */}
+            {param?.description &&
+              param?.type === "boolean" &&
+              allowTemplates && (
+                <p className="text-xs text-gray-600 mb-2">
+                  {param.description}
+                </p>
+              )}
           </label>
-          {renderInput(key, param)}
+          {allowTemplates
+            ? renderTemplateInput(key, param)
+            : renderInput(key, param)}
+          {allowTemplates && renderTemplateHints(key, param)}
           {allErrors[key] && (
             <p className="text-xs text-red-600 mt-1">{allErrors[key]}</p>
           )}
@@ -302,12 +494,16 @@ export default function ParamSchemaForm({
 }
 
 /**
- * Utility function to validate parameter values against a schema
+ * Utility function to validate parameter values against a schema.
- * Supports standard JSON Schema format
+ * Supports standard JSON Schema format.
+ *
+ * When `allowTemplates` is true, template expressions ({{ ... }}) are
+ * accepted for any field type and skip type-specific validation.
  */
 export function validateParamSchema(
   schema: ParamSchema,
   values: Record<string, any>,
+  allowTemplates: boolean = false,
 ): Record<string, string> {
   const errors: Record<string, string> = {};
   const properties = schema.properties || {};
@@ -333,12 +529,23 @@ export function validateParamSchema(
       return;
     }
 
+    // Template expressions are always valid in template mode
+    if (allowTemplates && isTemplateExpression(value)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     const type = param?.type || "string";
 
     switch (type) {
       case "number":
       case "integer":
         if (typeof value !== "number" && isNaN(Number(value))) {
+          if (allowTemplates) {
+            // In template mode, non-numeric strings that aren't templates
+            // are still allowed — the user might be mid-edit or using a
+            // non-standard expression format. Only warn on submission.
+            break;
+          }
           errors[key] = `Must be a valid ${type}`;
         } else {
           const numValue = typeof value === "number" ? value : Number(value);
@@ -351,8 +558,23 @@ export function validateParamSchema(
         }
         break;
 
+      case "boolean":
+        // In template mode, string values like "true"/"false" are fine
+        if (
+          allowTemplates &&
+          typeof value === "string" &&
+          (value === "true" || value === "false")
+        ) {
+          break;
+        }
+        break;
+
       case "array":
         if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+          if (allowTemplates && typeof value === "string") {
+            // In template mode, strings are acceptable (could be template or JSON)
+            break;
+          }
           try {
             JSON.parse(value);
           } catch {
@@ -363,6 +585,9 @@ export function validateParamSchema(
 
       case "object":
         if (typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) {
+          if (allowTemplates && typeof value === "string") {
+            break;
+          }
           try {
             const parsed = JSON.parse(value);
             if (typeof parsed !== "object" || Array.isArray(parsed)) {
@@ -392,8 +617,9 @@ export function validateParamSchema(
         break;
     }
 
-    // Enum validation
+    // Enum validation — skip in template mode (value may be a template expression
-    if (param?.enum && param.enum.length > 0) {
+    // or a string that will be resolved at runtime)
+    if (!allowTemplates && param?.enum && param.enum.length > 0) {
       if (!param.enum.includes(value)) {
         errors[key] = `Must be one of: ${param.enum.join(", ")}`;
       }

web/src/components/forms/RuleForm.tsx

@@ -144,17 +144,19 @@ export default function RuleForm({ rule, onSuccess, onCancel }: RuleFormProps) {
       }
     }
 
-    // Validate trigger parameters
+    // Validate trigger parameters (allow templates in rule context)
     const triggerErrors = validateParamSchema(
       triggerParamSchema,
       triggerParameters,
+      true,
     );
     setTriggerParamErrors(triggerErrors);
 
-    // Validate action parameters
+    // Validate action parameters (allow templates in rule context)
     const actionErrors = validateParamSchema(
       actionParamSchema,
       actionParameters,
+      true,
     );
     setActionParamErrors(actionErrors);
 
@@ -428,6 +430,7 @@ export default function RuleForm({ rule, onSuccess, onCancel }: RuleFormProps) {
                   values={triggerParameters}
                   onChange={setTriggerParameters}
                   errors={triggerParamErrors}
+                  allowTemplates
                 />
               </div>
             )}
@@ -517,6 +520,7 @@ export default function RuleForm({ rule, onSuccess, onCancel }: RuleFormProps) {
                   values={actionParameters}
                   onChange={setActionParameters}
                   errors={actionParamErrors}
+                  allowTemplates
                 />
               </div>
             )}

web/src/hooks/usePackTests.ts

@@ -1,51 +1,5 @@
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-
+import { PacksService, ApiError } from "@/api";
-// Temporary types until API client is regenerated
-interface PackTestResult {
-  pack_ref: string;
-  pack_version: string;
-  execution_time: string;
-  status: string;
-  total_tests: number;
-  passed: number;
-  failed: number;
-  skipped: number;
-  pass_rate: number;
-  duration_ms: number;
-  test_suites: any[];
-}
-
-interface PackTestExecution {
-  id: number;
-  pack_id: number;
-  pack_version: string;
-  execution_time: string;
-  trigger_reason: string;
-  total_tests: number;
-  passed: number;
-  failed: number;
-  skipped: number;
-  pass_rate: number;
-  duration_ms: number;
-  result: PackTestResult;
-  created: string;
-}
-
-interface PackTestHistoryResponse {
-  data: {
-    items: PackTestExecution[];
-    meta: {
-      page: number;
-      page_size: number;
-      total_items: number;
-      total_pages: number;
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-interface PackTestLatestResponse {
-  data: PackTestExecution | null;
-}
 
 // Fetch test history for a pack
 export function usePackTestHistory(
@@ -54,27 +8,12 @@ export function usePackTestHistory(
 ) {
   return useQuery({
     queryKey: ["pack-tests", packRef, params],
-    queryFn: async (): Promise<PackTestHistoryResponse> => {
+    queryFn: async () => {
-      const queryParams = new URLSearchParams();
+      return PacksService.getPackTestHistory({
-      if (params?.page) queryParams.append("page", params.page.toString());
+        ref: packRef,
-      if (params?.pageSize)
+        page: params?.page,
-        queryParams.append("page_size", params.pageSize.toString());
+        pageSize: params?.pageSize,
-
+      });
-      const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
-      const response = await fetch(
-        `http://localhost:8080/api/v1/packs/${packRef}/tests?${queryParams}`,
-        {
-          headers: {
-            Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-          },
-        },
-      );
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        throw new Error(`Failed to fetch test history: ${response.statusText}`);
-      }
-
-      return response.json();
     },
     enabled: !!packRef,
     staleTime: 30000, // 30 seconds
@@ -85,25 +24,15 @@ export function usePackTestHistory(
 export function usePackLatestTest(packRef: string) {
   return useQuery({
     queryKey: ["pack-tests", packRef, "latest"],
-    queryFn: async (): Promise<PackTestLatestResponse> => {
+    queryFn: async () => {
-      const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
+      try {
-      const response = await fetch(
+        return await PacksService.getPackLatestTest({ ref: packRef });
-        `http://localhost:8080/api/v1/packs/${packRef}/tests/latest`,
+      } catch (error) {
-        {
+        if (error instanceof ApiError && error.status === 404) {
-          headers: {
-            Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-          },
-        },
-      );
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        if (response.status === 404) {
           return { data: null };
         }
-        throw new Error(`Failed to fetch latest test: ${response.statusText}`);
+        throw error;
       }
-
-      return response.json();
     },
     enabled: !!packRef,
     staleTime: 30000,
@@ -115,27 +44,8 @@ export function useExecutePackTests() {
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
 
   return useMutation({
-    mutationFn: async (packRef: string): Promise<{ data: PackTestResult }> => {
+    mutationFn: async (packRef: string) => {
-      const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
+      return PacksService.testPack({ ref: packRef });
-      const response = await fetch(
-        `http://localhost:8080/api/v1/packs/${packRef}/test`,
-        {
-          method: "POST",
-          headers: {
-            Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-            "Content-Type": "application/json",
-          },
-        },
-      );
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        const error = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-        throw new Error(
-          error.error || `Failed to execute tests: ${response.statusText}`,
-        );
-      }
-
-      return response.json();
     },
     onSuccess: (_, packRef) => {
       // Invalidate test history and latest test queries
@@ -157,38 +67,14 @@ export function useRegisterPack() {
       path: string;
       force?: boolean;
       skipTests?: boolean;
-    }): Promise<{
+    }) => {
-      data: {
+      return PacksService.registerPack({
-        pack: any;
+        requestBody: {
-        test_result: PackTestResult | null;
+          path,
-        tests_skipped: boolean;
+          force,
-      };
+          skip_tests: skipTests,
-    }> => {
-      const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
-      const response = await fetch(
-        "http://localhost:8080/api/v1/packs/register",
-        {
-          method: "POST",
-          headers: {
-            Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-            "Content-Type": "application/json",
-          },
-          body: JSON.stringify({
-            path,
-            force,
-            skip_tests: skipTests,
-          }),
         },
-      );
+      });
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        const error = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-        throw new Error(
-          error.error || `Failed to register pack: ${response.statusText}`,
-        );
-      }
-
-      return response.json();
     },
     onSuccess: (data) => {
       // Invalidate packs list and test queries
@@ -219,40 +105,16 @@ export function useInstallPack() {
       force?: boolean;
       skipTests?: boolean;
       skipDeps?: boolean;
-    }): Promise<{
+    }) => {
-      data: {
+      return PacksService.installPack({
-        pack: any;
+        requestBody: {
-        test_result: PackTestResult | null;
+          source,
-        tests_skipped: boolean;
+          ref_spec: refSpec,
-      };
+          force,
-    }> => {
+          skip_tests: skipTests,
-      const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
+          skip_deps: skipDeps,
-      const response = await fetch(
-        "http://localhost:8080/api/v1/packs/install",
-        {
-          method: "POST",
-          headers: {
-            Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
-            "Content-Type": "application/json",
-          },
-          body: JSON.stringify({
-            source,
-            ref_spec: refSpec,
-            force,
-            skip_tests: skipTests,
-            skip_deps: skipDeps,
-          }),
         },
-      );
+      });
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        const error = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-        throw new Error(
-          error.error || `Failed to install pack: ${response.statusText}`,
-        );
-      }
-
-      return response.json();
     },
     onSuccess: (data) => {
       // Invalidate packs list and test queries

web/src/lib/api-client.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,30 @@ import axios, {
 
 const API_BASE_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL || "";
 
+// A bare axios instance with NO interceptors, used exclusively for token refresh
+// requests. This prevents infinite loops when the refresh endpoint returns 401.
+const refreshClient = axios.create({
+  baseURL: API_BASE_URL || undefined,
+  timeout: 10000,
+  headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+});
+
+function getRefreshUrl(): string {
+  return API_BASE_URL ? `${API_BASE_URL}/auth/refresh` : "/auth/refresh";
+}
+
+// Clear auth state and redirect to the login page.
+function clearSessionAndRedirect(): void {
+  localStorage.removeItem("access_token");
+  localStorage.removeItem("refresh_token");
+
+  const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
+  if (currentPath !== "/login") {
+    sessionStorage.setItem("redirect_after_login", currentPath);
+    window.location.href = "/login";
+  }
+}
+
 // Create axios instance
 export const apiClient: AxiosInstance = axios.create({
   baseURL: API_BASE_URL,
@@ -37,7 +61,7 @@ apiClient.interceptors.response.use(
       _retry?: boolean;
     };
 
-    // Handle 401 Unauthorized - token expired or invalid
+    // Handle 401 Unauthorized — token expired or invalid
     if (error.response?.status === 401 && !originalRequest._retry) {
       originalRequest._retry = true;
 
@@ -48,11 +72,8 @@ apiClient.interceptors.response.use(
           throw new Error("No refresh token available");
         }
 
-        // Attempt token refresh
+        // Use the bare refreshClient (no interceptors) to avoid infinite loops
-        const refreshUrl = API_BASE_URL
+        const response = await refreshClient.post(getRefreshUrl(), {
-          ? `${API_BASE_URL}/auth/refresh`
-          : "/auth/refresh";
-        const response = await axios.post(refreshUrl, {
           refresh_token: refreshToken,
         });
 
@@ -75,23 +96,13 @@ apiClient.interceptors.response.use(
         console.error(
           "Token refresh failed, clearing session and redirecting to login",
         );
-        localStorage.removeItem("access_token");
+        clearSessionAndRedirect();
-        localStorage.removeItem("refresh_token");
-
-        // Store the current path so we can redirect back after login
-        const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
-        if (currentPath !== "/login") {
-          sessionStorage.setItem("redirect_after_login", currentPath);
-        }
-
-        window.location.href = "/login";
         return Promise.reject(refreshError);
       }
     }
 
     // Handle 403 Forbidden - valid token but insufficient permissions
     if (error.response?.status === 403) {
-      // Enhance error message to distinguish from 401
       const enhancedError = error as AxiosError & {
         isAuthorizationError?: boolean;
       };

web/src/lib/api-wrapper.ts

@@ -13,8 +13,39 @@ import axios from "axios";
  * Strategy:
  * Since the generated API client creates its own axios instances, we configure
  * axios defaults globally and ensure the OpenAPI client uses our configured instance.
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: All refresh calls use `refreshClient` — a bare axios instance with
+ * NO interceptors — to prevent infinite 401 retry loops when the refresh token
+ * itself is expired or invalid.
  */
 
+const API_BASE_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL || "";
+
+// A bare axios instance with NO interceptors, used exclusively for token refresh
+// requests. This prevents infinite loops when the refresh endpoint returns 401.
+const refreshClient = axios.create({
+  baseURL: API_BASE_URL || undefined,
+  timeout: 10000,
+  headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+});
+
+function getRefreshUrl(): string {
+  return API_BASE_URL ? `${API_BASE_URL}/auth/refresh` : "/auth/refresh";
+}
+
+// Clear auth state and redirect to the login page.
+// Safe to call multiple times — only the first redirect takes effect.
+function clearSessionAndRedirect(): void {
+  localStorage.removeItem("access_token");
+  localStorage.removeItem("refresh_token");
+
+  const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
+  if (currentPath !== "/login") {
+    sessionStorage.setItem("redirect_after_login", currentPath);
+    window.location.href = "/login";
+  }
+}
+
 // Helper to decode JWT and check if it's expired or about to expire
 export function isTokenExpiringSoon(
   token: string,
@@ -59,6 +90,39 @@ export function isTokenExpired(token: string): boolean {
   }
 }
 
+// Attempt to refresh the access token using the refresh token.
+// Returns true on success, false on failure.
+// On failure, clears session and redirects to login.
+async function attemptTokenRefresh(): Promise<boolean> {
+  const currentRefreshToken = localStorage.getItem("refresh_token");
+  if (!currentRefreshToken) {
+    console.warn("No refresh token available, redirecting to login");
+    clearSessionAndRedirect();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const response = await refreshClient.post(getRefreshUrl(), {
+      refresh_token: currentRefreshToken,
+    });
+
+    const { access_token, refresh_token: newRefreshToken } = response.data.data;
+
+    localStorage.setItem("access_token", access_token);
+    if (newRefreshToken) {
+      localStorage.setItem("refresh_token", newRefreshToken);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(
+      "Token refresh failed, clearing session and redirecting to login",
+    );
+    clearSessionAndRedirect();
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
 // Helper to proactively refresh token if needed
 export async function ensureValidToken(): Promise<void> {
   const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
@@ -70,30 +134,7 @@ export async function ensureValidToken(): Promise<void> {
 
   // Check if token is expiring soon (within 5 minutes)
   if (isTokenExpiringSoon(token, 300)) {
-    try {
+    await attemptTokenRefresh();
-      const API_BASE_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL || "";
-      const refreshUrl = API_BASE_URL
-        ? `${API_BASE_URL}/auth/refresh`
-        : "/auth/refresh";
-
-      // Use base axios to avoid circular refresh attempts
-      const response = await axios.post(refreshUrl, {
-        refresh_token: refreshToken,
-      });
-
-      const { access_token, refresh_token: newRefreshToken } =
-        response.data.data;
-
-      localStorage.setItem("access_token", access_token);
-      if (newRefreshToken) {
-        localStorage.setItem("refresh_token", newRefreshToken);
-      }
-
-      // Token proactively refreshed
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error("Proactive token refresh failed:", error);
-      // Don't throw - let the interceptor handle it on the next request
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -105,8 +146,6 @@ export function startTokenRefreshMonitor(): void {
     return; // Already running
   }
 
-  // Starting token refresh monitor
-
   // Check token every 60 seconds
   tokenCheckInterval = setInterval(async () => {
     const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
@@ -121,7 +160,6 @@ export function startTokenRefreshMonitor(): void {
 
 export function stopTokenRefreshMonitor(): void {
   if (tokenCheckInterval) {
-    // Stopping token refresh monitor
     clearInterval(tokenCheckInterval);
     tokenCheckInterval = null;
   }
@@ -130,7 +168,6 @@ export function stopTokenRefreshMonitor(): void {
 // Configure axios defaults to apply to all instances
 export function configureAxiosDefaults(): void {
   // Set default base URL
-  const API_BASE_URL = import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL || "";
   if (API_BASE_URL) {
     axios.defaults.baseURL = API_BASE_URL;
   }
@@ -138,8 +175,7 @@ export function configureAxiosDefaults(): void {
   // Set default headers
   axios.defaults.headers.common["Content-Type"] = "application/json";
 
-  // Copy our interceptors to the default axios instance
+  // Request interceptor — attach JWT to outgoing requests
-  // This ensures that even new axios instances inherit the behavior
   axios.interceptors.request.use(
     (config) => {
       const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
@@ -153,66 +189,31 @@ export function configureAxiosDefaults(): void {
     },
   );
 
+  // Response interceptor — handle 401 with a single refresh attempt
   axios.interceptors.response.use(
     (response) => response,
     async (error) => {
       const originalRequest = error.config as any;
 
-      // Handle 401 Unauthorized - token expired or invalid
+      // Handle 401 Unauthorized — token expired or invalid
       if (error.response?.status === 401 && !originalRequest._retry) {
         originalRequest._retry = true;
 
-        try {
+        const refreshed = await attemptTokenRefresh();
-          const refreshToken = localStorage.getItem("refresh_token");
+        if (refreshed) {
-          if (!refreshToken) {
-            console.warn("No refresh token available, redirecting to login");
-            throw new Error("No refresh token available");
-          }
-
-          // Access token expired, attempting refresh
-
-          const refreshUrl = API_BASE_URL
-            ? `${API_BASE_URL}/auth/refresh`
-            : "/auth/refresh";
-
-          const response = await axios.post(refreshUrl, {
-            refresh_token: refreshToken,
-          });
-
-          const { access_token, refresh_token: newRefreshToken } =
-            response.data.data;
-
-          localStorage.setItem("access_token", access_token);
-          if (newRefreshToken) {
-            localStorage.setItem("refresh_token", newRefreshToken);
-          }
-
-          // Token refreshed successfully
-
           // Retry original request with new token
-          if (originalRequest.headers) {
+          const newToken = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
-            originalRequest.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${access_token}`;
+          if (originalRequest.headers && newToken) {
+            originalRequest.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${newToken}`;
           }
           return axios(originalRequest);
-        } catch (refreshError) {
-          console.error(
-            "Token refresh failed, clearing session and redirecting to login",
-          );
-          localStorage.removeItem("access_token");
-          localStorage.removeItem("refresh_token");
-
-          // Store the current path for redirect after login
-          const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
-          if (currentPath !== "/login") {
-            sessionStorage.setItem("redirect_after_login", currentPath);
-          }
-
-          window.location.href = "/login";
-          return Promise.reject(refreshError);
         }
+
+        // attemptTokenRefresh already cleared session and redirected
+        return Promise.reject(error);
       }
 
-      // Handle 403 Forbidden - valid token but insufficient permissions
+      // Handle 403 Forbidden — valid token but insufficient permissions
       if (error.response?.status === 403) {
         const enhancedError = error as any;
         enhancedError.isAuthorizationError = true;
@@ -226,18 +227,9 @@ export function configureAxiosDefaults(): void {
       return Promise.reject(error);
     },
   );
-
-  // Axios defaults configured with interceptors
 }
 
 // Initialize the API wrapper
 export function initializeApiWrapper(): void {
-  // Initializing API wrapper
-
-  // Configure axios defaults so all instances get the interceptors
   configureAxiosDefaults();
-
-  // The generated API client will now inherit these interceptors
-
-  // API wrapper initialized
 }

web/src/pages/packs/PackInstallPage.tsx

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export default function PackInstallPage() {
           result.data.tests_skipped
             ? "Tests were skipped."
             : result.data.test_result
-              ? `Tests ${result.data.test_result.status}: ${result.data.test_result.passed}/${result.data.test_result.total_tests} passed.`
+              ? `Tests ${result.data.test_result.status}: ${result.data.test_result.passed}/${result.data.test_result.totalTests} passed.`
               : ""
         }`,
       );
@@ -138,8 +138,7 @@ export default function PackInstallPage() {
                 any git server
               </li>
               <li>
-                <strong>Archive URL</strong> - Download from .zip or .tar.gz
+                <strong>Archive URL</strong> - Download from .zip or .tar.gz URL
-                URL
               </li>
               <li>
                 <strong>Pack Registry</strong> - Install from configured
@@ -192,8 +191,7 @@ export default function PackInstallPage() {
           {/* Source Type Selection */}
           <div>
             <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
-              Installation Source Type{" "}
+              Installation Source Type <span className="text-red-500">*</span>
-              <span className="text-red-500">*</span>
             </label>
             <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
               <button

web/src/pages/packs/PackRegisterPage.tsx

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export default function PackRegisterPage() {
           result.data.tests_skipped
             ? "Tests were skipped."
             : result.data.test_result
-              ? `Tests ${result.data.test_result.status}: ${result.data.test_result.passed}/${result.data.test_result.total_tests} passed.`
+              ? `Tests ${result.data.test_result.status}: ${result.data.test_result.passed}/${result.data.test_result.totalTests} passed.`
               : ""
         }`,
       );

work-summary/2026-02-20-native-runtime-refactor.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Work Summary: Native Runtime Refactor, Shell Wrapper Cleanup & Stdin Protocol Fixes (2026-02-20)
+
+## Problem
+
+Python sensors (e.g., `python_example.counter_sensor`) were being executed by `/bin/sh` instead of `python3`, causing `import: not found` errors. Root cause was two-fold:
+
+1. **All sensors hardcoded to `core.builtin` runtime** — `PackComponentLoader::load_sensors()` ignored the sensor YAML's `runner_type` field and assigned every sensor the `core.builtin` runtime.
+2. **`core.builtin` runtime defaulted to `/bin/sh`** — The `InterpreterConfig` default was `/bin/sh`, so runtimes with no `execution_config` (like `core.builtin`) got shell as their interpreter, causing Python scripts to be interpreted as shell.
+
+Additionally, the shell wrapper script had a hard dependency on `python3` for JSON secret parsing, and pre-existing security test failures were discovered caused by a stdin protocol conflict between parameters and secrets.
+
+## Changes
+
+### Architecture: Remove "builtin" runtime concept
+
+Replaced the separate `core.builtin` runtime with `core.native`. Runtime detection is now purely data-driven via `execution_config` in the runtime table — no special-cased runtime names.
+
+- **Deleted** `packs/core/runtimes/sensor_builtin.yaml`
+- **Fixed** `packs/core/runtimes/native.yaml` — removed `/bin/sh -c` interpreter; empty `execution_config` signals direct binary execution
+- **Changed** `InterpreterConfig` default `binary` from `"/bin/sh"` to `""` (empty = native)
+- **Updated** `interval_timer_sensor.yaml` — `runner_type: native`
+
+### Sensor runtime resolution
+
+- **Fixed** `PackComponentLoader::load_sensors()` — reads `runner_type` from each sensor's YAML definition and resolves to the correct runtime via `resolve_runtime()`. Defaults to `native`.
+- **Added** `resolve_runtime()` method returning `(Id, String)` — both ID and ref
+- **Updated** runtime mappings — `builtin`, `standalone` → `core.native`
+- **Updated** `load_core_pack.py` — per-sensor runtime resolution from YAML instead of hardcoded `core.builtin`
+- **Updated** `seed_core_pack.sql` — references `core.native` instead of `core.builtin`
+
+### Shell wrapper: remove Python dependency
+
+The shell wrapper script (`generate_wrapper_script`) previously used `python3 -c` to parse JSON secrets from stdin into a bash associative array. This created a hard dependency on Python being installed, which violates the principle that core services must operate without supplemental runtimes.
+
+- **Replaced** runtime JSON parsing with Rust-side secret injection — secrets are now embedded directly as `ATTUNE_SECRETS['key']='value'` entries at script generation time
+- **Added** `bash_single_quote_escape()` helper for safe bash string embedding
+- **Changed** wrapper execution from `bash -c <script>` to writing a temp file and executing it, keeping secrets out of `/proc/<pid>/cmdline`
+- **Removed** unused `execute_shell_code()` method (wrapper now uses `execute_shell_file`)
+- **Also applied** bash single-quote escaping to parameter values embedded in the wrapper
+- **Un-ignored** `test_shell_runtime_with_secrets` — it now passes
+
+### Stdin protocol fixes (pre-existing bugs)
+
+- **Process executor**: Skip writing empty/trivial parameter content (`{}`, `""`, `[]`) to stdin to avoid breaking scripts that read secrets via `readline()`
+- **Shell streaming executor**: Same empty-params skip applied
+- **Worker env tests**: Replaced flaky env-var-manipulating tests with pure parsing tests to eliminate parallel test interference
+
+## Files Changed
+
+| File | Change |
+|------|--------|
+| `crates/common/src/models.rs` | Default interpreter binary: `"/bin/sh"` → `""` |
+| `crates/common/src/pack_registry/loader.rs` | Sensors read `runner_type` from YAML; added `resolve_runtime()`; removed `builtin` mapping |
+| `crates/common/src/runtime_detection.rs` | Comment update |
+| `crates/common/src/schema.rs` | Test: `core.builtin` → `core.native` |
+| `crates/sensor/src/sensor_manager.rs` | Updated `is_native` comments |
+| `crates/worker/src/env_setup.rs` | Fixed flaky env var tests |
+| `crates/worker/src/runtime/shell.rs` | Rewrote wrapper to embed secrets from Rust (no Python); temp file execution; removed `execute_shell_code`; un-ignored secrets test |
+| `crates/worker/src/runtime/process_executor.rs` | Skip empty params on stdin |
+| `crates/worker/src/service.rs` | Comment update |
+| `packs/core/runtimes/native.yaml` | Removed `/bin/sh` interpreter; empty execution_config |
+| `packs/core/runtimes/sensor_builtin.yaml` | **Deleted** |
+| `packs/core/runtimes/README.md` | Removed sensor_builtin reference |
+| `packs/core/sensors/interval_timer_sensor.yaml` | `runner_type: native` |
+| `scripts/load_core_pack.py` | Per-sensor runtime resolution from YAML |
+| `scripts/seed_core_pack.sql` | `core.native` references |
+| `AGENTS.md` | Updated runtime documentation |
+
+## Test Results
+
+- All 7 security tests pass (2 previously failing now fixed)
+- All 82 worker unit tests pass (1 previously ignored now un-ignored and passing)
+- All 17 dependency isolation tests pass
+- All 8 log truncation tests pass
+- All 145 common unit tests pass
+- Zero compiler warnings