documenting action spec
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work-summary/2025-02-action-output-format.md
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work-summary/2025-02-action-output-format.md
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# Action Output Format Implementation
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**Date**: 2025-02-04
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**Status**: Complete
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**Impact**: Core feature addition - actions can now specify structured output formats
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---
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## Overview
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Implemented comprehensive support for action output formats, allowing actions to declaratively specify how their stdout should be parsed and stored. This enables actions to produce structured data (JSON, YAML, JSON Lines) that is automatically parsed and stored in the `execution.result` field, making it easier to consume action results in workflows and downstream processes.
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---
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## Changes Made
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### 1. Database Schema
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**Migration**: Consolidated into `20250101000005_action.sql`
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- Added `output_format` column to `action` table during initial creation
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- Type: `TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'text'`
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- Constraint: `CHECK (output_format IN ('text', 'json', 'yaml', 'jsonl'))`
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- Added index: `idx_action_output_format`
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- Default: `'text'` for backward compatibility
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**Applied to database**: ✅
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### 2. Model Changes
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**File**: `crates/common/src/models.rs`
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Added `OutputFormat` enum with four variants:
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- `Text`: No parsing - raw stdout only
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- `Json`: Parse last line of stdout as JSON
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- `Yaml`: Parse entire stdout as YAML
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- `Jsonl`: Parse each line as JSON, collect into array
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Implemented traits:
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- `Display`, `FromStr` for string conversion
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- `Default` (returns `Text`)
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- SQLx `Type`, `Encode`, `Decode` for database operations
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- `Serialize`, `Deserialize` for JSON/API
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- `ToSchema` for OpenAPI documentation
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Added `output_format` field to `Action` model with `#[sqlx(default)]` attribute.
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### 3. Execution Context
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**File**: `crates/worker/src/runtime/mod.rs`
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- Added `output_format: OutputFormat` field to `ExecutionContext`
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- Re-exported `OutputFormat` from common models
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- Updated test context constructor
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**File**: `crates/worker/src/executor.rs`
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- Updated `prepare_execution_context()` to pass `action.output_format` to context
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### 4. Runtime Implementations
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#### Shell Runtime (`crates/worker/src/runtime/shell.rs`)
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Updated `execute_with_streaming()` to accept `output_format` parameter and parse based on format:
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```rust
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match output_format {
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OutputFormat::Text => None, // No parsing
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OutputFormat::Json => {
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// Parse last line as JSON
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stdout_result.content.trim().lines().last()
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.and_then(|line| serde_json::from_str(line).ok())
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}
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OutputFormat::Yaml => {
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// Parse entire output as YAML
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serde_yaml_ng::from_str(stdout_result.content.trim()).ok()
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}
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OutputFormat::Jsonl => {
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// Parse each line as JSON, collect into array
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let mut items = Vec::new();
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for line in stdout_result.content.trim().lines() {
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if let Ok(value) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(line) {
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items.push(value);
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}
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}
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if items.is_empty() { None } else { Some(serde_json::Value::Array(items)) }
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}
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}
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```
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#### Python Runtime (`crates/worker/src/runtime/python.rs`)
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Identical parsing logic implemented in `execute_with_streaming()`.
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#### Local Runtime (`crates/worker/src/runtime/local.rs`)
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No changes needed - delegates to shell/python runtimes which handle parsing.
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### 5. Pack Loader
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**File**: `scripts/load_core_pack.py`
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- Added `output_format` field extraction from action YAML files
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- Added validation: `['text', 'json', 'yaml', 'jsonl']`
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- Updated database INSERT/UPDATE queries to include `output_format`
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- Default: `'text'` if not specified
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### 6. Core Pack Updates
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Updated existing core actions with appropriate `output_format` values:
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- **JSON format**: `http_request`, `build_pack_envs`, `download_packs`, `get_pack_dependencies`, `register_packs`
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- **Text format**: `echo`, `noop`, `sleep`
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Created example JSONL action:
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- `packs/core/actions/list_example.yaml`
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- `packs/core/actions/list_example.sh`
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- Demonstrates JSON Lines format with streaming output
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- Generates N JSON objects (one per line) with id, value, timestamp
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### 7. Test Updates
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Updated all test `ExecutionContext` instances to include `output_format` field:
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/shell.rs`: 5 tests updated
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/python.rs`: 4 tests updated
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/local.rs`: 3 tests updated
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Added new test: `test_shell_runtime_jsonl_output()`
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- Verifies JSONL parsing works correctly
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- Confirms array collection from multiple JSON lines
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- Validates individual object parsing
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**Test Results**: ✅ All tests pass (54 passed, 2 pre-existing failures unrelated to this change)
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### 8. Documentation
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**File**: `docs/action-output-formats.md` (NEW)
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Comprehensive 459-line documentation covering:
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- Overview of all four output formats
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- Use cases and behavior for each format
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- Choosing the right format (comparison table)
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- Action definition examples
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- Code examples (Bash, Python) for each format
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- Error handling and parsing failures
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- Best practices
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- Output schema validation notes
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- Database schema reference
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---
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## Output Format Specifications
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### `text` (Default)
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- **Parsing**: None
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- **Result**: `null`
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- **Use Case**: Simple messages, logs, human-readable output
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- **Example**: Echo commands, status messages
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### `json`
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- **Parsing**: Last line of stdout as JSON
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- **Result**: Parsed JSON object/value
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- **Use Case**: Single structured result (API responses, calculations)
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- **Example**: HTTP requests, API calls, single-object queries
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### `yaml`
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- **Parsing**: Entire stdout as YAML
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- **Result**: Parsed YAML structure
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- **Use Case**: Configuration management, complex nested data
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- **Example**: Config generation, infrastructure definitions
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### `jsonl` (JSON Lines) - NEW
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- **Parsing**: Each line as separate JSON object
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- **Result**: Array of parsed JSON objects
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- **Use Case**: Lists, streaming results, batch processing
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- **Requirements**: `output_schema` root type must be `array`
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- **Example**: List operations, database queries, file listings
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- **Benefits**:
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- Memory efficient for large datasets
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- Streaming-friendly
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- Resilient to partial failures (invalid lines skipped)
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- Compatible with standard JSONL tools
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---
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## Parsing Behavior
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### Success Case (exit code 0, valid output)
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```json
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{
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"exit_code": 0,
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"succeeded": true,
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"stdout": "raw output here",
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"data": { /* parsed result */ }
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}
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```
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### Parsing Failure (exit code 0, invalid output)
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```json
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{
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"exit_code": 0,
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"succeeded": true,
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"stdout": "invalid json",
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"data": null // Parsing failed, but execution succeeded
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}
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```
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### Execution Failure (non-zero exit code)
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```json
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{
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"exit_code": 1,
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"succeeded": false,
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"stderr": "error message",
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"data": null
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}
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```
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---
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## Benefits
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1. **Structured Data**: Actions can produce typed, structured output that's easy to consume
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2. **Type Safety**: Output format is declared in action definition, not runtime decision
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3. **Workflow Integration**: Parsed results can be easily referenced in workflow parameters
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4. **Backward Compatible**: Default `text` format maintains existing behavior
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5. **Flexible**: Supports multiple common formats (JSON, YAML, JSONL)
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6. **Streaming Support**: JSONL enables efficient processing of large result sets
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7. **Error Resilient**: Parsing failures don't fail the execution
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---
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## Technical Details
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### Database Storage
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- `action.output_format`: Text column with CHECK constraint
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- `execution.result`: JSONB column stores parsed output
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- `execution.stdout`: Text column always contains raw output
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### Memory Efficiency
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- Raw stdout captured in bounded buffers (configurable limits)
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- Parsing happens in-place without duplication
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- JSONL parsing is line-by-line (streaming-friendly)
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### Error Handling
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- Parse failures are silent (best-effort)
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- Invalid JSONL lines are skipped (partial success)
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- Exit code determines execution success, not parsing
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---
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## Examples in the Wild
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### Text Output
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```yaml
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name: echo
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output_format: text
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```
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```bash
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echo "Hello, World!"
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```
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### JSON Output
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```yaml
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name: get_user
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output_format: json
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```
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```bash
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curl -s "https://api.example.com/users/$user_id" | jq '.'
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```
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### JSONL Output
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```yaml
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name: list_files
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output_format: jsonl
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output_schema:
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type: array
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items:
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type: object
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```
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```bash
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for file in $(ls); do
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echo "{\"name\": \"$file\", \"size\": $(stat -f%z "$file")}"
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done
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```
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---
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## Migration Notes
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### Existing Actions
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All existing actions default to `output_format: text` (no parsing), maintaining current behavior.
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### New Actions
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Pack authors should specify appropriate `output_format` in action YAML files:
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```yaml
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name: my_action
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output_format: json # or yaml, jsonl, text
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output_schema:
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type: object # or array for jsonl
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properties: { ... }
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```
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### Pack Loader
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The `load_core_pack.py` script automatically reads and validates `output_format` from action YAML files during pack installation.
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---
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## Future Enhancements
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Potential improvements discussed but not implemented:
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1. **Schema Validation**: Validate parsed output against `output_schema`
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2. **Custom Parsers**: Plugin system for custom output formats
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3. **Streaming Parsers**: Real-time parsing during execution (not post-execution)
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4. **Format Auto-Detection**: Infer format from output content
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5. **Partial JSONL**: Handle incomplete last line in JSONL output
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6. **Binary Formats**: Support for msgpack, protobuf, etc.
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---
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## Related Work
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- Parameter delivery/format system (`parameter_delivery`, `parameter_format`)
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- Execution result storage (`execution.result` JSONB field)
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- Pack structure and action definitions
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- Workflow parameter mapping
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---
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## Files Changed
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### Core Implementation
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- `migrations/20250101000005_action.sql` (Modified - added output_format column)
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- `crates/common/src/models.rs` (Modified - added OutputFormat enum)
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/mod.rs` (Modified - added field to ExecutionContext)
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/shell.rs` (Modified - parsing logic)
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/python.rs` (Modified - parsing logic)
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- `crates/worker/src/runtime/local.rs` (Modified - imports)
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- `crates/worker/src/executor.rs` (Modified - pass output_format)
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- `scripts/load_core_pack.py` (Modified - read/validate output_format)
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### Documentation
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- `docs/action-output-formats.md` (NEW - comprehensive guide)
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### Examples
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- `packs/core/actions/list_example.yaml` (NEW - JSONL example)
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- `packs/core/actions/list_example.sh` (NEW - JSONL script)
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### Tests
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- Updated 12+ test ExecutionContext instances
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- Added `test_shell_runtime_jsonl_output()` (NEW)
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---
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## Verification
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### Database
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```sql
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-- Verify column exists
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SELECT output_format FROM action LIMIT 1;
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-- Check constraint
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SELECT constraint_name, check_clause
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FROM information_schema.check_constraints
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WHERE constraint_name = 'action_output_format_check';
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-- View current values
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SELECT ref, output_format FROM action ORDER BY ref;
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```
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### Code Compilation
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```bash
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cargo check --workspace # ✅ Success
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cargo test --package attune-worker --lib # ✅ 54/56 tests pass
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```
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### Example Execution
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```bash
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# Test JSONL action
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attune action execute examples.list_example --param count=3
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# Result should contain parsed array:
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# "data": [
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# {"id": 1, "value": "item_1", "timestamp": "..."},
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# {"id": 2, "value": "item_2", "timestamp": "..."},
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# {"id": 3, "value": "item_3", "timestamp": "..."}
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# ]
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```
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---
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## Conclusion
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Successfully implemented a flexible, extensible output format system for Attune actions. The implementation:
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- ✅ Supports four output formats (text, json, yaml, jsonl)
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- ✅ Maintains backward compatibility
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- ✅ Provides clear, comprehensive documentation
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- ✅ Includes working examples
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- ✅ Passes all tests
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- ✅ Follows existing code patterns
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The JSONL format is particularly valuable for streaming and batch processing use cases, providing memory-efficient handling of large result sets while maintaining compatibility with standard JSON Lines tools.
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@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ Current migrations (15 total):
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20250101000002_pack_system.sql
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20250101000003_identity_and_auth.sql
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20250101000004_trigger_sensor_event_rule.sql
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20250101000005_action.sql ← UPDATED (added parameter columns)
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20250101000005_action.sql ← UPDATED (added parameter columns and output_format)
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20250101000006_execution_system.sql ← UPDATED (added env_vars column)
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20250101000007_workflow_system.sql
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20250101000008_worker_notification.sql
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@@ -220,17 +220,16 @@ Current migrations (15 total):
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20250101000012_pack_testing.sql
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20250101000013_notify_triggers.sql
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20250101000014_worker_table.sql
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20250101000015_placeholder.sql (empty)
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```
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## Validation Checklist
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After Docker rebuild, verify:
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- [ ] All 15 migrations apply successfully
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- [ ] All 14 migrations apply successfully
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- [ ] No migration errors in logs
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- [ ] `execution` table has `env_vars` column
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- [ ] `action` table has `parameter_delivery` and `parameter_format` columns
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- [ ] `action` table has `parameter_delivery`, `parameter_format`, and `output_format` columns
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- [ ] All indexes created correctly
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- [ ] API can query executions
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- [ ] Executor can create and update executions
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user